British Americans
Total population | |
---|---|
Americans with majority British ancestry 90,573,000 (2015)[1] 39,834,650 (12.0%) alone or in combination |
British Americans usually refers to
Based on 2020
Demographers regard current figures as a "serious under-count", as a large proportion of Americans of British descent have a tendency to simply identify as 'American' since
Not to be confused are cases when the term is also used in an entirely different (although possibly overlapping) sense to refer to people who are
Sense of heritage
Americans of British heritage are often seen, and identify, as simply "American" due to the many historic, linguistic and cultural ties between Great Britain and the U.S. and their influence on the country's population. A leading specialist, Charlotte Erickson, found them to be ethnically "invisible".[13] This may be due to the early establishment of British settlements; as well as to non-English groups having emigrated in order to establish significant communities.[14]
Number of British Americans
Table below shows census results between 1980 (when data on ancestry was first collected) and the 2020 census. Response rates for the question on ancestry was 83.1% (1980) 90.4% (1990) and 80.1% (2000) for the total population of the United States.[15][16]
Year | Ethnic origin | Population | % of pop. |
---|---|---|---|
British; total | 61,327,867 | 31.67 | |
1980[17][18] | English | 49,598,035 | 26.34 |
Scottish | 10,048,816 | 4.44 | |
Welsh | 1,664,598 | 0.88 | |
Northern Irelander | 16,418 | 0.01 | |
Total | 46,816,175 | 18.8 | |
1990[19] | English | 32,651,788 | 13.1 |
Scottish | 5,393,581 | 2.2 | |
Scotch-Irish | 5,617,773 | 2.3 | |
Welsh | 2,033,893 | 0.8 | |
British | 1,119,140 | 0.4 | |
Total | 36,564,465 | 12.9 | |
2000[20] | English | 24,515,138 | 8.7 |
Scottish | 4,890,581 | 1.7 | |
Scotch-Irish | 4,319,232 | 1.5 | |
Welsh | 1,753,794 | 0.6 | |
British | 1,085,720 | 0.4 | |
Total | 37,619,881 | 14.4 | |
2010[21] | English | 25,927,345 | 8.4 |
Scottish | 5,460,679 | 3.1 | |
Scotch-Irish | 3,257,161 | 1.9 | |
Welsh | 1,793,356 | 0.6 | |
British | 1,181,340 | 0.4 | |
Total | 58,649,411 | TBA | |
2020[22][23] | English | 46,550,968 | 14.0 |
Scottish | 8,422,613 | TBA | |
Scots-Irish | 794,478 | TBA | |
Welsh | 1,977,383 | TBA | |
British | 860,315 | TBA | |
British Islander | 43,654 | TBA |
Composition of Colonial America
According to estimates by Thomas L. Purvis (1984), published in the European ancestry of the United States, gives the ethnic composition of the American colonies from 1700 to 1755. British ancestry in 1755 was estimated to be 63%, comprising 52% English and Welsh, 7.0% Scots-Irish, and 4% Scottish.[25]
Studies on origins, 1790
The ancestry of the 3,929,214 population in 1790 has been estimated by various sources by sampling last names in the very first United States official census and assigning them a country of origin.[14] There is debate over the accuracy between the studies with individual scholars and the Federal Government using different techniques and conclusion for the ethnic composition.[29][14] A study published in 1909 titled A Century of Population Growth by the Census Bureau estimated the British origin combined were around 90% of the white population.[30][31][32]
Another source by Thomas L. Purvis in 1984
A Century of Population Growth (1909)
Estimated British American population in the Continental United States as of the 1790 Census.[27]
State or Territory | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | British Isles Total | |||||||||
Great Britain | British Total |
Ireland | ||||||||
English [a] | Scotch | Irish | ||||||||
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
Connecticut | 223,437 | 96.21% | 6,425 | 2.77% | 229,862 | 98.98% | 1,589 | 0.68% | 231,451 | 99.66% |
Delaware | 39,966 | 86.30% | 3,473 | 7.50% | 43,439 | 93.80% | 1,806 | 3.90% | 45,245 | 97.70% |
Georgia | 43,948 | 83.10% | 5,923 | 11.20% | 49,871 | 94.30% | 1,216 | 2.30% | 51,087 | 96.60% |
Kentucky | 50,802 | 83.10% | 6,847 | 11.20% | 57,649 | 94.30% | 1,406 | 2.30% | 59,055 | 96.60% |
Maine | 89,515 | 93.14% | 4,154 | 4.32% | 93,669 | 97.46% | 1,334 | 1.39% | 95,003 | 98.85% |
Maryland | 175,265 | 84.00% | 13,562 | 6.50% | 188,827 | 90.50% | 5,008 | 2.40% | 193,835 | 92.90% |
Massachusetts | 354,528 | 95.00% | 13,435 | 3.60% | 367,963 | 98.60% | 3,732 | 1.00% | 371,695 | 99.60% |
New Hampshire | 132,726 | 94.06% | 6,648 | 4.71% | 139,374 | 98.77% | 1,346 | 0.95% | 140,720 | 99.72% |
New Jersey | 98,620 | 58.03% | 13,156 | 7.74% | 111,776 | 65.77% | 12,099 | 7.12% | 123,875 | 72.89% |
New York | 245,901 | 78.22% | 10,034 | 3.19% | 255,935 | 81.41% | 2,525 | 0.80% | 258,460 | 82.21% |
North Carolina | 240,309 | 83.10% | 32,388 | 11.20% | 272,697 | 94.30% | 6,651 | 2.30% | 279,348 | 96.60% |
Pennsylvania | 249,656 | 58.97% | 49,567 | 11.71% | 299,223 | 70.68% | 8,614 | 2.03% | 307,837 | 72.71% |
Rhode Island | 62,079 | 95.99% | 1,976 | 3.06% | 64,055 | 99.05% | 459 | 0.71% | 64,514 | 99.76% |
South Carolina | 115,480 | 82.38% | 16,447 | 11.73% | 131,927 | 94.11% | 3,576 | 2.55% | 135,503 | 96.66% |
Tennessee | 26,519 | 83.10% | 3,574 | 11.20% | 30,093 | 94.30% | 734 | 2.30% | 30,827 | 96.60% |
Vermont | 81,149 | 95.39% | 2,562 | 3.01% | 83,711 | 98.40% | 597 | 0.70% | 84,308 | 99.10% |
Virginia | 375,799 | 85.00% | 31,391 | 7.10% | 407,190 | 92.10% | 8,842 | 2.00% | 416,032 | 94.10% |
United States | 2,605,699 | 82.14% | 221,562 | 6.98% | 2,827,261 | 89.12% | 61,534 | 1.94% | 2,888,795 | 91.06% |
American Council of Learned Societies (1929)
The 1909 Century of Population Growth report came under intense scrutiny in the 1920s; its methodology was subject to criticism over fundamental flaws that cast doubt on the accuracy of its conclusions. The catalyst for controversy had been passage of the Immigration Act of 1924, which imposed numerical quotas on each country of Europe limiting the number of immigrants to be admitted out of a finite total annual pool. The size of each national quota was determined by the National Origins Formula, in part computed by estimating the origins of the colonial stock population descended from White Americans enumerated in the 1790 Census. The undercount of other colonial stocks like German Americans and Irish Americans would thus have contemporary policy consequences. When CPG was produced in 1909, the concept of independent Ireland did not even exist. CPG made no attempt to further classify its estimated 1.9% Irish population to distinguish Celtic Irish Catholics of Gaelic Ireland, who in 1922 formed the independent Irish Free State, from the Scotch-Irish descendants of Ulster Scots and Anglo-Irish of the Plantation of Ulster, which became Northern Ireland and remained part of the United Kingdom. In 1927, proposed immigration quotas based on CPG figures were rejected by the President's Committee chaired by the Secretaries of State, Commerce, and Labor, with the President reporting to Congress "the statistical and historical information available raises grave doubts as to the whole value of these computations as the basis for the purposes intended."[28] Among the criticisms of A Century of Population Growth:
- CPG failed to account for Anglicization of names, assuming any surname that could be English was actually English
- CPG failed to consider first names even when obviously foreign, assuming anyone with a surname that could be English was actually English
- CPG failed to consider regional variation in ethnic settlement e.g. surname Root could be assumed English in Vermont (less than 1% German), but more commonly a variant of German Roth in states with large German American populations like populous Pennsylvania (home to more Germans than the entire population of Vermont)
- CPG started by classifying all names as Scotch, Irish, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, or other. All remaining names which could not be classed with one of the 6 other listed nationalities, nor identified by the Census clerk as too exotic to be English, were assumed to be English
- CPG classification was an unscientific process by Census clerks with no training in history, genealogy, or linguistics, nor were scholars in those fields consulted
- CPG estimates were produced by a linear process with no checks on potential errors nor opportunity for peer review or scholarly revision once an individual clerk had assigned a name to a nationality
Concluding that CPG "had not been accepted by scholars as better than a first approximation of the truth", the Census Bureau commissioned a study to produce new scientific estimates of the colonial American population, in collaboration with the American Council of Learned Societies, in time to be adopted as basis for legal immigration quotas in 1929, and later published in the journal of the American Historical Association, reproduced in the table below. Note: as in the original CPG report, the "English" category encompassed England and Wales, grouping together all names classified as either "Anglican" (from England) or "Cambrian" (from Wales).[28]
Estimated British American population in the Continental United States as of the 1790 Census [28]
State or Territory | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
United Kingdom | British Isles Total | |||||||||
Great Britain | British Total |
Ulster | ||||||||
English [a] | Scotch | Scotch-Irish | ||||||||
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
Connecticut | 155,598 | 67.00% | 5,109 | 2.20% | 160,707 | 69.20% | 4,180 | 1.80% | 164,887 | 71.00% |
Delaware | 27,786 | 60.00% | 3,705 | 8.00% | 31,491 | 68.00% | 2,918 | 6.30% | 34,409 | 74.30% |
Georgia | 30,357 | 57.40% | 8,197 | 15.50% | 38,554 | 72.90% | 6,082 | 11.50% | 44,636 | 84.40% |
Kentucky & Tenn. | 53,874 | 57.90% | 9,305 | 10.00% | 63,179 | 67.90% | 6,513 | 7.00% | 69,692 | 74.90% |
Maine | 57,664 | 60.00% | 4,325 | 4.50% | 61,989 | 64.50% | 7,689 | 8.00% | 69,678 | 72.50% |
Maryland | 134,579 | 64.50% | 15,857 | 7.60% | 150,436 | 72.10% | 12,102 | 5.80% | 162,538 | 77.90% |
Massachusetts | 306,013 | 82.00% | 16,420 | 4.40% | 322,433 | 86.40% | 9,703 | 2.60% | 332,136 | 89.00% |
New Hampshire | 86,078 | 61.00% | 8,749 | 6.20% | 94,827 | 67.20% | 6,491 | 4.60% | 101,318 | 71.80% |
New Jersey | 79,878 | 47.00% | 13,087 | 7.70% | 92,965 | 54.70% | 10,707 | 6.30% | 103,672 | 61.00% |
New York | 163,470 | 52.00% | 22,006 | 7.00% | 185,476 | 59.00% | 16,033 | 5.10% | 201,509 | 64.10% |
North Carolina | 190,860 | 66.00% | 42,799 | 14.80% | 233,659 | 80.80% | 16,483 | 5.70% | 250,142 | 86.50% |
Pennsylvania | 149,451 | 35.30% | 36,410 | 8.60% | 185,861 | 43.90% | 46,571 | 11.00% | 232,432 | 54.90% |
Rhode Island | 45,916 | 71.00% | 3,751 | 5.80% | 49,667 | 76.80% | 1,293 | 2.00% | 50,960 | 78.80% |
South Carolina | 84,387 | 60.20% | 21,167 | 15.10% | 105,554 | 75.30% | 13,177 | 9.40% | 118,731 | 84.70% |
Vermont | 64,655 | 76.00% | 4,339 | 5.10% | 68,994 | 81.10% | 2,722 | 3.20% | 71,716 | 84.30% |
Virginia | 302,850 | 68.50% | 45,096 | 10.20% | 347,946 | 78.70% | 27,411 | 6.20% | 375,357 | 84.90% |
1790 Census Area | 1,933,416 | 60.94% | 260,322 | 8.21% | 2,193,738 | 69.15% | 190,075 | 5.99% | 2,383,813 | 75.14% |
Northwest Territory | 3,130 | 29.81% | 428 | 4.08% | 3,558 | 33.89% | 307 | 2.92% | 3,865 | 36.81% |
French America | 2,240 | 11.20% | 305 | 1.53% | 2,545 | 12.73% | 220 | 1.10% | 2,765 | 13.83% |
Spanish America | 610 | 2.54% | 83 | 0.35% | 693 | 2.89% | 60 | 0.25% | 753 | 3.14% |
United States | 1,939,396 | 60.10% | 261,138 | 8.09% | 2,200,534 | 68.19% | 190,662 | 5.91% | 2,391,196 | 74.10% |
1980
The 1980 census was the first that asked people's
1990
Over 90.4% of the United States population reported at least one ancestry, 9.6% (23,921,371) individuals as "not stated" with a total of 11.0% being "not specified".[39] Additional responses were Cornish (3,991), Northern Irish 4,009 and Manx 6,317.[40]
2000
Most of the population who stated their ancestry as "American" (20,625,093 or 7.3%) are said to be of old colonial British ancestry.[41]
2000 Census[42] | ||
---|---|---|
Ancestry | Number | % of total |
German |
42,885,162 | 15.2 |
African |
36,419,434 | 12.9 |
Irish |
30,594,130 | 10.9 |
English | 24,515,138 | 8.7 |
Mexican |
20,640,711 | 7.3 |
Italian |
15,723,555 | 5.6 |
French |
10,846,018 | 3.9 |
Hispanic | 10,017,244 | 3.6 |
Polish |
8,977,444 | 3.2 |
Scottish | 4,890,581 | 1.7 |
Dutch |
4,542,494 | 1.6 |
Norwegian |
4,477,725 | 1.6 |
Scotch-Irish | 4,319,232 | 1.5 |
United States | 281,421,906 | 100 |
Geographical distribution
Following are the top 10 highest percentage of people of English, Scottish and Welsh ancestry, in U.S. communities with 500 or more total inhabitants (for the total list of the 101 communities, see references)[43][44][45]
English
- Hildale, UT66.9%
- Colorado City, AZ52.7%
- Milbridge, ME41.1%
- Panguitch, UT40.0%
- Beaver, UT39.8%
- Enterprise, UT39.4%
- East Machias, ME39.1%
- Marriott-Slaterville, UT38.2%
- Wellsville, UT37.9%
- Morgan, UT37.2%
Scottish
- Lonaconing, MDtown 16.1%
- Jordan, IL township 12.6%
- Scioto, OH township 12.1%
- Randolph, IN township 10.2%
- Franconia, NHtown 10.1%
- Topsham, VTtown 10.0%
- Ryegate, VTtown 9.9%
- Plainfield, VTtown 9.8%
- Saratoga Springs, UTtown 9.7%
- Barnet, VTtown 9.5%
Welsh
- Malad City, IDcity 21.1%
- Remsen, NYtown 14.6%
- Oak Hill, OHvillage 13.6%
- Madison, OH township 12.7%
- Steuben, NY town 10.9%
- Franklin, OH township 10.5%
- Plymouth, PAborough 10.3%
- Jackson, OHcity 10.0%
- Lake, PA township 9.9%
- Radnor, OH township 9.8%
2020 state totals
As of 2020, the distribution of British Americans (combined English, Welsh, Scottish, Scotch-Irish, and British ancestry self-identification) across the 50 states and DC is as presented in the following table:
State | Number | Percentage |
---|---|---|
Alabama | 593,684 | 12.13% |
Alaska | 95,555 | 12.97% |
Arizona | 880,800 | 12.28% |
Arkansas | 362,319 | 12.03% |
California | 3,194,332 | 8.12% |
Colorado | 891,059 | 15.67% |
Connecticut | 410,316 | 11.49% |
Delaware | 125,678 | 12.99% |
District of Columbia | 62,960 | 8.97% |
Florida | 2,182,375 | 10.29% |
Georgia | 1,229,670 | 11.69% |
Hawaii | 85,508 | 6.02% |
Idaho | 413,867 | 23.59% |
Illinois | 1,039,812 | 8.18% |
Indiana | 827,256 | 12.35% |
Iowa | 363,077 | 11.53% |
Kansas | 424,001 | 14.56% |
Kentucky | 689,667 | 15.46% |
Louisiana | 362,382 | 7.77% |
Maine | 359,023 | 26.78% |
Maryland | 643,269 | 10.65% |
Massachusetts | 886,192 | 12.89% |
Michigan | 1,259,125 | 12.62% |
Minnesota | 455,104 | 8.13% |
Mississippi | 326,418 | 10.95% |
Missouri | 800,254 | 13.07% |
Montana | 187,084 | 17.62% |
Nebraska | 214,299 | 11.14% |
Nevada | 317,810 | 10.49% |
New Hampshire | 321,821 | 23.75% |
New Jersey | 606,095 | 6.82% |
New Mexico | 206,995 | 9.87% |
New York | 1,399,358 | 7.17% |
North Carolina | 1,618,439 | 15.58% |
North Dakota | 50,522 | 6.64% |
Ohio | 1,508,197 | 12.92% |
Oklahoma | 473,455 | 11.99% |
Oregon | 731,409 | 17.51% |
Pennsylvania | 1,465,777 | 11.46% |
Rhode Island | 142,889 | 13.51% |
South Carolina | 748,602 | 14.70% |
South Dakota | 77,081 | 8.77% |
Tennessee | 1,004,100 | 14.83% |
Texas | 2,667,892 | 9.32% |
Utah | 1,044,688 | 33.15% |
Vermont | 152,659 | 24.45% |
Virginia | 1,254,899 | 14.75% |
Washington | 1,201,638 | 16.00% |
West Virginia | 293,448 | 16.24% |
Wisconsin | 471,045 | 8.11% |
Wyoming | 111,384 | 19.16% |
United States | 37,235,289 | 11.40% |
History
Overview
The
After the Age of Discovery, the British were one of the earliest and largest communities to emigrate out of Europe, and the British Empire's expansion during the latter half of the 18th century and first half of the 19th century saw an "extraordinary dispersion of the British people", with particular concentrations "in Australasia and North America".[50]
The British Empire was "built on waves of migration overseas by British people",[51] who left the United Kingdom and "reached across the globe and permanently affected population structures in three continents".[50] As a result of the British colonization of the Americas, what became the United States was "easily the greatest single destination of emigrant British".[50]
Historically in the 1790 United States census estimate and presently in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand "people of British origin came to constitute the majority of the population" contributing to these states becoming integral to the Anglosphere.[51] There is also a significant population of people with British ancestry in South Africa.[citation needed]
Colonial period
An English presence in North America began with the
The British policy of salutary neglect for its North American colonies intended to minimize trade restrictions as a way of ensuring they stayed loyal to British interests.[54] This permitted the development of the American Dream, a cultural spirit distinct from that of its European founders.[54] The Thirteen Colonies of British America began an armed rebellion against British rule in 1775 when they rejected the right of the Parliament of Great Britain to govern them without representation; they proclaimed their independence in 1776, and subsequently constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America, which became a sovereign state in 1781 with the ratification of the Articles of Confederation. The 1783 Treaty of Paris represented Great Britain's formal acknowledgment of the United States' sovereignty at the end of the American Revolutionary War.[55]
In the original Thirteen Colonies, most laws contained elements found in the English common law system.[citation needed]
The vast majority of the
Immigration after 1776
British immigration to the U.S. 1820–2000 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period | Arrivals | Period | Arrivals | Period | Arrivals |
1820–1830 | 27,489 | 1901–1910 | 525,950 | 1981–1990 | 159,173 |
1831–1840 | 75,810 | 1911–1920 | 341,408 | 1991–2000 | 151,866 |
1841–1850 | 267,044 | 1921–1930 | 339,570 | ||
1851–1860 | 423,974 | 1931–1940 | 31,572 | ||
1861–1870 | 606,896 | 1941–1950 | 139,306 | ||
1871–1880 | 548,043 | 1951–1960 | 202,824 | ||
1881–1890 | 807,357 | 1961–1970 | 213,822 | ||
1891–1900 | 271,538 | 1971–1980 | 137,374 | ||
Total arrivals: 5,271,016[57][58][59][60] |
Nevertheless, longstanding cultural and historical ties have, in more modern times, resulted in the
For over two centuries (1789–2009) of early U.S. history, all Presidents with the exception of two (Van Buren and Kennedy) were descended from the varied colonial British stock, from the Pilgrims and Puritans to the Scotch-Irish and English who settled the Appalachia.[63]
Cultural contributions
Much of American culture shows influences from nation states of British culture. Colonial ties to Great Britain spread the English language, legal system and other cultural attributes.[64] Historian David Hackett Fischer has posited that four major streams of immigration from the British Isles in the colonial era contributed to the formation of a new American culture, summarized as follows:
- East Anglia to New England – The Exodus of the English Puritans (Pilgrims and Puritans influenced the Northeastern United States' corporate and educational culture)[65]
- The
- Middle Atlantic and Midwestern United States' industrial culture)[67]
- The Scotch-Irish, of lowland Scottish and border English descent, influenced the Western United States' ranch culture and the Southern United States' common agrarian culture)[68]
Fischer's theory acknowledges the presence of other groups of immigrants during the colonial period, both from the British Isles (the Welsh and the Highland Scots) and not (Germans, Dutch, and French Huguenots), but believes that these did not culturally contribute as substantially to the United States as his main four.
Historical influence
Automakers
Motorcycle manufacturer
Sports
Baseball – The earliest recorded game of base-ball for which the original source survives, involved the family of George II of Great Britain, played indoors in London in November 1748. The Prince is reported as playing "Bass-Ball" again in September 1749 in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, against Lord Middlesex.[71] The English lawyer William Bray wrote in his diary that he had played a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford, also in Surrey.[72][73] English lawyer William Bray recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford, Surrey; Bray's diary was verified as authentic in September 2008.[74][75] This early form of the game was apparently brought to North America by British immigrants. The first appearance of the term that exists in print was in "A Little Pretty Pocket-Book" in 1744, where it is called Base-Ball. Today, rounders, which has been played in England since Tudor times, holds a similarity to baseball. Although, literary references to early forms of "base-ball" in the United Kingdom pre-date use of the term "rounders".[76]
In addition to baseball, American football is a sport that developed from soccer and Rugby, which are both sports that originated in the British Isles.[77]
Bowling or ten-pin bowling derived from Nine-Pins (nine-pin bowling) brought over by early British settlers.
Continental Colors, 1775–1777
The
Place names
Alabama
- Birmingham after Birmingham, England
- Oxford after Oxford, England
- Montgomery after Montgomery, Powys, Wales
California
- Westminster after Westminster in London, England
- Exeter after Exeter, England
- Windsor after Windsor, Berkshire, in England
Connecticut
- Essex, England
- Greenwich, England
- Manchester, England
- London, England
- Norfolk, England
Delaware
- Dover after Dover, England
- Kent, England
- Wilmington named by Proprietor Thomas Penn after his friend Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, who was prime minister in the reign of George II of Great Britain.
Florida
- Inverness, Florida after Inverness-shire, Scotland
Illinois
- Lanark, Illinois after Lanarkshire, Scotland
Maine
- Leeds, England
Maryland
- Aberdeenshire, Scotland
- Chester, England
- Chester, England
- Essex, England
- Glencoe, Scotland
- Hereford, England
- Kensington, Maryland after Kensington, England
- Manchester, England
- Olney, Maryland after Olney, England
- Westminster, England
- Salisbury, England
Massachusetts
- Attleboro, Massachusetts after Attleborough, England
- Bedford, England
- Boston, England[79]
- Cambridge after the City of Cambridge, England[80]
- Charlton, Massachusetts after Charlton, London, England
- Chelsea, England
- Falmouth, England
- Gloucester after Gloucester and Gloucestershire, England
- Hampshire, England
- Mansfield, England
- Middlesex, England
- Plymouth, England
- Somerset, England
- Southampton after Southampton, England[81]
- Suffolk, England
- Swansea, Massachusetts after Swansea, Wales
- Taunton, England
- Weymouth, Massachusetts after Weymouth, Dorset, England
- Worcester, Massachusetts after Worcester, England
Michigan
- Birmingham after Birmingham, England
- Plymouth after Plymouth, England
New Hampshire
- New Hampshire state (after Hampshire[82])
- Derry, New Hampshire after Derry, Northern Ireland
- Durham, New Hampshire after Durham, England
- Exeter, England
- Londonderry, Northern Ireland
- Manchester, England[83]
- London, England
- Nottingham, New Hampshire after Nottinghamshire
- Plymouth, England
- Portsmouth, England
New Jersey
- Jersey City after Jersey
New York
- York, England
- Albany after the Duke of Albany
North Carolina
- Durham, North Carolina and Durham County, North Carolina after Durham, England
- Halifax, England
- House of Brunswick
- New Hanover County, North Carolina after House of Hanover
- Northampton, England
- Richmond County, North Carolina after Richmond, London
Pennsylvania
- Bucks County after Buckinghamshire, England
- Chester County and Chester after Chester, England
- Carlisle, England
- Darby derived from Derby (pronounced "Darby"), the county town of Derbyshire (pronounced "Darbyshire")[84]
- Lancaster County and Lancaster after the city of Lancaster in the county of Lancashire in England, the native home of John Wright, one of the early settlers.[85]
- Reading, Berks County after Reading, Berkshire, England
- Warminster after a small town in the county of Wiltshire, at the western extremity of Salisbury Plain, England.[86]
- York, England
Texas
- Bronte, named for English novelist Charlotte Brontë (1816–1855).[87]
- Cheapside, after Cheapside, a London street.[87]
- Derby, after Derby, England.[87]
- Liverpool, after Liverpool, a port city traditionally in Lancashire, England.[87]
- Newcastle, after Newcastle upon Tyne, northeast England.[87]
Utah
- Leeds, England
Virginia
- Crewe, England
- Dumfries, Scotland
- Edinburgh, Scotland
- Falmouth, England
- Isle of Wight, England
- Kilmarnock, Scotland
- Glasgow, Scotland
- Gloucester, England
- Richmond, Virginia and Richmond County, Virginia after Richmond, London
- Lancashire, England
- Hampton, Virginia after Hampton, London, England
- Midlothian, Scotland
- Kent County, England
- Norfolk, England
- Northampton, England
- Northumberland, England
- Portsmouth, England
- Stafford, England
- Suffolk, England
- Cumbria, England)
- Winchester, England
In addition, some places were named after the kings and queens of the former kingdoms of
See also
- Anglo-Celtic Australians
- Hyphenated American
- English diaspora
- English Americans
- List of English Americans
- Scotch-Irish Americans
- List of Scots-Irish Americans
- Scottish Americans
- Welsh Americans
- White Anglo-Saxon Protestants, called WASPs
- Americans in the United Kingdom
- Britons in Mexico
- United Kingdom–United States relations
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Scholarly sources
- Berthoff, Rowland Tappan(1953). British Immigrants in Industrial America, 1790–1950.
- Bridenbaugh, Carl. Vexed and Troubled Englishmen, 1590–1642 (1976).
- ISBN 978-0-300-05737-9
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- Erickson, Charlotte. Invisible Immigrants: The Adaptation of English and Scottish Immigrants in Nineteenth-Century America (1972_.
- Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways In America.
- Furer, Howard B., ed. The British in America: 1578–1970 (1972).
- Handlin, Oscar (1980). Orlov, Ann; Thernstrom, Stephan (eds.). Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. the standard reference source for all ethnic groups.
- McGill, David W., and John K. Pearce. "American families with English ancestors from the colonial era: Anglo Americans." in Ethnicity and family therapy (1996): 451–466; reviews modern social psychology of family types.
- Marshall, Peter James (2001). The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00254-7.
- Shepperson, Wilbur S. British emigration to North America: projects and opinions in the early Victorian period (1957), examines opinion in Britain. online
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