Manganese(II,III) oxide

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Manganese(II,III) oxide
Names
IUPAC name
manganese(II) dimanganese(III) oxide
Other names
Manganese tetroxide; Manganese oxide, Manganomanganic oxide, Trimanganese tetraoxide, Trimanganese tetroxide[1]
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ECHA InfoCard
 100.013.879 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • OP0895000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/3Mn.4O
    Key: GVNFAUMGUISVJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [Mn]=O.O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O
Properties
Mn3O4

MnO·Mn2O3

Molar mass 228.812 g/mol
Appearance brownish-black powder[1]
Density 4.86 g/cm3
Melting point 1,567 °C (2,853 °F; 1,840 K)
Boiling point 2,847 °C (5,157 °F; 3,120 K)
insoluble
Solubility soluble in HCl
+12,400·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Spinel (tetragonal), tI28
I41/amd, No. 141
Hazards
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 C 5 mg/m3[1]
REL (Recommended)
 None established[1]
IDLH
(Immediate danger)
 N.D.[1]
Thermochemistry
149 J·mol−1·K−1[2]
Std enthalpy of
formation
(ΔfH⦵298)
 −1387 kJ·mol−1[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Manganese(II,III) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Mn3O4. Manganese is present in two oxidation states +2 and +3 and the formula is sometimes written as MnO·Mn2O3. Mn3O4 is found in nature as the mineral hausmannite.

Preparation

Mn3O4 formed when any manganese oxide is heated in air above 1000 °C.[3] Considerable research has centred on producing nanocrystalline Mn3O4 and various syntheses that involve oxidation of MnII or reduction of MnVI.[4][5][6]

Reactions

Mn3O4 has been found to act as a catalyst for a range of reactions e.g. the oxidation of methane and carbon monoxide;[7][8] the decomposition of NO,[9] the reduction of nitrobenzene[10] and the catalytic combustion of organic compounds.[11]

Structure

Mn3O4 has the

ferrimagnetic[12] although this has been reported as reducing in nanocrystalline samples to around 39 K.[13]

Uses

Mn3O4 is sometimes used as a starting material in the production of soft ferrites e.g. manganese zinc ferrite,[14] and lithium manganese oxide, used in lithium batteries.[15]

Manganese tetroxide can also be used as a weighting agent while drilling reservoir sections in oil and gas wells.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0381". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8
    .
  4. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/19/024
  5. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2005.05.005
  6. doi:10.1002/chem.200500660
  7. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00296-X
  8. doi:10.1016/0021-9517(92)90225-7
  9. doi:10.1006/jcat.1996.0315
  10. doi:10.1016/0926-860X(95)00186-7
  11. doi:10.1016/S0926-3373(97)00061-1
  12. doi:10.1063/1.1660364
  13. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.03.060
  14. ^ Method of making manganese-zinc ferrite U.S Patent number: 4093688 (1978) Arthur Withop, Roger Emil Travagli
  15. ^ Process for preparing lithium manganese oxides, U.S Patent number: 6706443,(2004), Horst Krampitz, Gerhard Wohner
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