Diazoxide

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Diazoxide
Clinical data
Trade namesProglycem, Balila
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
By mouth, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
oxidation and sulfate conjugation
Elimination half-life21-45 hours
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • 7-Chloro-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide
JSmol)
Melting point330 to 331 °C (626 to 628 °F)
  • Clc1ccc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)/N=C(\N2)C
  • InChI=1S/C8H7ClN2O2S/c1-5-10-7-3-2-6(9)4-8(7)14(12,13)11-5/h2-4H,1H3,(H,10,11) checkY
  • Key:GDLBFKVLRPITMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Diazoxide, sold under the brand name Proglycem and others, is a medication used to treat

leucine sensitivity.[2] It can also be used in refractory cases of sulfonylurea toxicity.[3] It is generally taken by mouth.[2]

Common side effects include high blood sugar, fluid retention,

thiazide diuretics.[2] It works by decreasing insulin release from the pancreas and increasing glucose release by the liver.[2]

Diazoxide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1973.

generic medication.[6]

Medical uses

Diazoxide is used as a

malignant hypertension.[7]

Diazoxide also inhibits the secretion of insulin by opening ATP-sensitive potassium channel of beta cells of the pancreas; thus, it is used to counter hypoglycemia in disease states such as insulinoma (a tumor producing insulin)[8] or congenital hyperinsulinism.

Diazoxide acts as a positive

allosteric modulator of the AMPA and kainate receptors, suggesting potential application as a cognitive enhancer.[9]

Side effects

Diazoxide interferes with insulin release through its action on potassium channels.

type 2 diabetics
. Therefore, this medicine is not given to non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.

The

Food and Drug Administration published a safety announcement in July 2015 highlighting the potential for development of pulmonary hypertension in newborns and infants treated with this drug.[11]

Research

Diazoxide, formulated as its

PCSK1, or SIM1 genes.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Product monograph brand safety updates". Health Canada. 7 July 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Diazoxide Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  3. ^
    S2CID 11121340
    .
  4. hdl:10665/325771
    . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  5. hdl:10665/345533
    . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  6. ISBN 9780857113382
    .
  7. S2CID 3283469.Closed access icon
  8. PMID 17053028.Open access icon
  9. PMID 8307099.Closed access icon
  10. PMID 2650685
    .
  11. Food and Drug Administration
    . July 16, 2015. Retrieved 2015-07-19.
  12. S2CID 264973612
    .
  13. PMID 31545799
    .
  14. PMID 36639249
    .
  15. ^ Clinical trial number NCT05532020 for "An Open-Label Study of Diazoxide Choline in Patients With Genetic Obesities" at ClinicalTrials.gov