1000s (decade)

The 1000s (pronounced "one-thousands") was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1000, and ended on December 31, 1009.

Events

1000

Japan

• Palace Scandal:Princess Consort Yasuko has an affair. Michinaga (her half-brother) investigates it secretly and finds out the truth about her pregnancy. Yasuko cries and repents. Yasuko leaves the palace under the patronage of Empress Dowager Senshi and Michinaga (moved to his residence).^{[citation needed]}
• Murasaki Shikibu starts to write The Tale of Genji.^{[citation needed]}
• Ichimonjiya Wasuke, the oldest surviving wagashi store, is established as a teahouse adjacent to Imamiya Shrine.
• 10 January: Death of Empress Dowager Masako (empress consort of the late Emperor Reizei)^{[citation needed]}
• 8 April: Fujiwara no Shoshi is promoted to Empress (Chugu), while there is another empress, Fujiwara no Teishi (kogo) - this is the first time that there are two empresses^{[citation needed]}

Americas

• The Taíno have become the dominant culture of modern day Puerto Rico.^{[citation needed]}

Christendom

• In
  Bartholomew
  .
• In the
  Christianization of the Kievan Rus'
  and of other medieval confederations of Slavic states.
• In
  Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
  .
• In
  Newfoundland
  .
• The
  Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
  later in the 11th century.
• The Kingdom of Hungary was established in 1000 as a Christian state. In the next centuries, the Kingdom of Hungary became the pre-eminent cultural power in the Central European region. On December 25, Stephen I was crowned as the first King of Hungary in Esztergom.
• Sancho III of Navarre became King of Aragon and Navarre. The Reconquista was gaining some ground, but the southern Iberian peninsula would still be dominated by Islam for centuries to come; Córdoba
  at this time was the world's largest city with 450,000 inhabitants.
• In the
  Kingdom of Croatia the army of the Republic of Venice led by Doge Pietro II Orseolo conquered the island of Lastovo
  .
• The Château de Goulaine vineyard was founded in France.
• The
  Slavník's dynasty, and dioceses in Kołobrzeg, Kraków and Wrocław
  .
• The
  Bell foundry was founded in Italy by Pontificia Fonderia Marinelli
  .

Babylon was abandoned around this year.

1001

• Khazrun ben Falful, from the Maghrawa family Banu Khazrun, begins ruling Tripoli, on the African continent.

Asia

• Butuan, in the Philippines
  (P’u-tuan in the Sung Dynasty records), Sari Bata Shaja, makes the first tributary mission to China.
• The
  Theme of Iberia
  .
• Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into northern India, establishing the Ghaznavid Empire across most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, and Pakistan.
• Battle of Peshawar: Jayapala suffers defeat from the Ghaznavid Empire.
• Former emperor
  Thanh Hoa
  Province.
• Khmer King Jayavarman V is succeeded by Udayadityavarman I, and/or Suryavarman I.
• Construction begins on the Liaodi Pagoda, the tallest pagoda in Chinese history (completed in 1055).
• Japan
  • January 13 – Empress consort Fujiwara no Teishi dies in childbirth.
  • November – The imperial palace is destroyed by fire.
  • 70th birthday and longevity ceremony of Fujiwara no Bokushi (mother-in-law of Fujiwara no Michinaga, grandmother of Empress Shōshi).
  • 40th birthday of Empress dowager Senshi (mother of Emperor Ichijō).

Europe

• February 6 – After leading the revolt against Emperor Otto III and expelling the Crescentii, Gregory I, Count of Tusculum is named "Head of the Republic".
• July 31 – Emperor Otto III confirms the possessions of Ulric Manfred II of Turin, and grants him privileges.
• July – Sergius II becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
• Byzantine Emperor Basil II attempts to reconquer Bulgaria
  .
• Robert II, King of France, marries for the third time, with Constance Taillefer d'Arles.
• Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor has Charlemagne's vault opened at Aachen Cathedral.
• The First Battle of Alton: Danish invaders defeat the English.
• Battle of Pinhoe: Vikings defeat the Anglo-Saxons in Devon.
• Bolesław I of Poland begins ruling parts of Slovakia
  .
• Bryachislav of Polotsk begins ruling Polotsk.
• Archbishopric of Strasbourg
  .
• Ermengol I of Urgell makes his second voyage to Rome
  .
• Þorgeirr Ljósvetningagoði ends being a lawspeaker in Iceland's Althing
  .
• bishop of Elmham
  , is consecrated.
• Æthelred becomes bishop of Cornwall, but dies shortly afterwards.
• The town of Lloret de Mar is founded in Catalonia.
• The first reference is made to Khotyn, Ukrainian town,^[1] and to Nyalka, Hungarian village, as to Chimudi.
• Ui Neill
  in Ireland.

North America

• Leif Eriksson, establish small settlements in and around Vinland in North America
  (approximate date).

• King Edward the Martyr of England is canonized.
• The
  Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Esztergom
  is established.
• Oqropiri (Ioane I), Svimeon III and Melkisedek I are Catholicoi of Iberia within one year.
• A tomb of Saint
  Ivo (possibly) is uncovered in Huntingdonshire
  , England.

• January 23 – Emperor Otto III dies, at the age of 22, of smallpox at Castle of Paterno (near Rome) after a 19-year reign. He leaves no son, nor a surviving brother who can succeed by hereditary right to the throne.^[2] Otto is buried in Aachen Cathedral alongside the body of Charlemagne.
• February 15 – At an assembly at Pavia of Lombard nobles and secondi milites (the minor nobles), Arduin of Ivrea (grandson of former King Berengar II) is restored to his domains and crowned as King of Italy in the Basilica of San Michele Maggiore. Arduin is supported by Arnulf II, archbishop of Milan.
• Otto I in 936
  .
• July –
  Saracens under Al-Mansur, the de facto ruler of Al-Andalus
  .
• August 8 – Al-Mansur dies after a 24-year reign and is succeeded by his son Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar as ruler (hajib) of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba (modern Spain).
• October 15 – Henry I, duke of Burgundy, dies and is succeeded by his stepson, Otto-William. He inherits the duchy; this is disputed by King Robert II of France ("the Pious").
• Fall – A revolt organized by Bohemian nobles of the rivalling Vršovci clan, forces Duke Boleslaus III ("the Red") to flee to Germany. He is succeeded by Vladivoj (until 1003).

British Isles

• Richard I of Normandy
  .
• Winter – Æthelred pays tribute (or
  Viking
  raids against England.
• Brian Boru, king of Leinster and Munster, becomes High King of Ireland. After the submission of Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, Brian Boru makes an expedition to the North.

Arabian Empire

• Winter – Khalaf ibn Ahmad, Saffarid emir of Sistan (modern Iran), is deposed and surrenders to the Ghaznavid Dynasty after a 39-year reign (approximate date).

Asia

• In Japan, court lady Sei Shōnagon completes writing The Pillow Book.

By topic

Religion

• June – Frederick, archbishop of Ravenna, is sent as an imperial legate to the Synod of Pöhlde, to mediate between the claims of Bishop Bernward of Hildesheim and Willigis, concerning the control of Gandersheim Abbey.

1003

• February 9 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Duke Bolesław I (the Brave) of Poland. The following months, Boleslaus' brothers Jaromír and Oldřich flee to Germany and place themselves under the protection of King Henry II, while Boleslaus orders the massacre of his Bohemian leading nobles at Vyšehrad.
• German–Polish War: Bolesław I annexes Bohemia and parts of Moravia (modern Slovakia). German nobles under Henry of Schweinfurt revolt against Henry II (who has been promised the Duchy of Bavaria
  ).
• Count
  Benedictine habit at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll
  .
• King Robert II (the Pious) invades Burgundy, but fails. After this fiasco Robert repudiates his second wife, Bertha of Burgundy, and marries Constance of Arles who becomes queen consort of France.
• King Rudolph III of Burgundy invests Humbert I (the White-Handed) with the domains of the Duchy of Aosta. He becomes the first count of the House of Savoy.
• King Stephen I of Hungary invades Transylvania (modern Romania) and establishes the Diocese of Transylvania (approximate date).
• Caliphate of Cordoba defeat the northern Christian armies of León, Pamplona and Castile.^[3]

• Emperor Sheng Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty leads an expedition into Mongolia and subdues the Zubu tribe who are forced to pay an annual tribute.

By topic

Art

• Construction of the
  Chola Dynasty (Early Medieval period
  ).

• May 12 – Pope Sylvester II dies after a 4-year pontificate. He is succeeded by John XVII as the 140th pope of the Catholic Church.
• Lateran Basilica at Rome
  .
• Heribert, archbishop of Cologne, founds Deutz Abbey at Deutz (Germany).

1004

• Battle of Skopje: Emperor Basil II defeats the Bulgarian forces near Skopje (modern North Macedonia). Leaving his army behind, Samuel of Bulgaria manages to escape. Basil continues his campaign and besieges the fortress of Pernik. By the end of the year Basil has reconquered about half of the Bulgarian Empire.^[4]

Europe

• Spring – King Henry II crosses with an expeditionary force through the Brenner Pass to Trento. After initial military successes against Arduin of Ivrea, he receives the homage of the Italian clergy and Lombard noble families.
• May 14 – Henry II is crowned King of Italy by Archbishop Arnulf II in Pavia. A quarrel ensues between the German troops and the Pavese citizens. Henry orders a massacre of the population in response, destroying the city.
• Fall –
  Pietro Orseolo II, is married to the Byzantine princess Maria Argyra.^[5]
• German–Polish War: Duke Bolesław I of Poland loses Bohemia. With German support, Jaromír occupies Prague and proclaims himself the new duke. At Merseburg, he promises to hold Bohemia as a vassal
  of Henry II.
• Moorish forces under vizier Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar sack the Catalan city of Manresa (modern Spain).^[3]
• Saracen pirates under the Balearic emir Mugahid sack Pisa, destroying nearly one-quarter of the city.
• Castille (until 1035
  ).

• A
  Viking fleet under Sweyn Forkbeard lands in Norfolk. Ealdorman Ulfcytel orders his Anglo-Saxon
  troops to burn the raiding ships. The plan fails and Ulfcytel's small army is defeated by the Vikings.

• An episode of plague and famine breaks out in North Africa.^[6]

China

• Summer – Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao launches a major offensive against the Song dynasty. He invades Shanyang and threatens the Song capital of Kaifeng (approximate date).
• Jingdezhen porcelain enters a period of significant production during the Song dynasty.

Japan

• December – Fujiwara no Kenshi, the future empress consort, enters the palace as lady-in-waiting to her sister, Empress Shōshi.

By topic

Religion

• Spring – Pope John XVIII begins his reign as the 141st pope of the Catholic Church at Rome (until 1009).

1005

• Spring – The
  Saracen strongholds in Southern Italy. The Pisan fleet sacks the city of Reggio Calabria. Pisa becomes one of the four commercial Maritime Republics (the other three are Genoa, Venice and Amalfi), which fight each other for control of the Mediterranean Sea.^[7]

• March 25 – King Kenneth III of Scotland is killed in the battle of Monzievaird in Strathearn. He is succeeded by his cousin Malcolm II ("Forranach, the Destroyer", son of the late King Kenneth II) as ruler of Scotland.
• Summer – Danish Viking raiders under Sweyn Forkbeard continue to ravage the cities (mostly poorly defended) in southern England. A famine strikes Sweyn's army, which has to live off the land.^[8]
• November 16 – Ælfric of Abingdon, archbishop of Canterbury, leaves ships to the people of Wiltshire and Kent in his will, leaving the best, equipped for 60 men, to King Æthelred the Unready.
• High King of Ireland Brian Boru makes a second expedition to the north, to take hostages from the northern kingdoms. During this campaign he visits Armagh – making an offering of 20 ounces of gold to the church and confirming to the apostolic see of Saint Patrick, ecclesiastical supremacy over the whole of Ireland.^[9]

Asia

• Shanyuan Treaty is negotiated between the Liao dynasty and the Song dynasty. The Song government agrees to pay an annual tribute of 200,000 bolts of raw silk and 100,000 taels of silver
  , ending the northern border clashes against Liao.
• May 13 – The Japanese court permits Fujiwara no Korechika to enter the palace.
• Lê Ngoạ Triều
  succeeds his brother Lê Trung Tông, killing him after just a 3 day reign.

By topic

Arts and literature

• The Shūi Wakashū ("Collection of Gleanings"), an anthology of waka (poetry), is compiled by ex-Emperor Kazan of Japan (approximate date).

1006

• Summer – An Arab
  Saracen fleet appears before Pisa, but departs again. The Pisans take their fleet to sea and chase the Arabs down to Southern Italy where, in the Battle of Reggio Calabria
  , the Pisan fleet defeats the Arabs.
• Summer–Autumn – Danish Viking raiders led by Sweyn Forkbeard raid south-eastern England from the Isle of Wight to Reading in the Thames Valley where they overwinter at the Wallingford river crossing.^[8]
• Brian Boru visits Ulster, and remains unchallenged.

Oceania

• A major eruption of the
  Hindu Mataram Kingdom.^[10]

• April 30 – The brightest supernova ever recorded, SN 1006, occurs in the constellation of Lupus. It is observed and described in China, Japan, Iraq, Egypt, and Europe and possibly depicted in North American rock art. Modern astronomers now consider its distance at about 7,200 light-years. The supernova provides enough light to read by on a night with a dark moon.^[11]

1007

• King Æthelred the Unready pays the Danish Vikings a sum of 36,000 pounds of silver (Danegeld) to stop further invasions.^[12]

Ireland

• The Book of Kells is stolen from the Abbey of Kells.

Japan

• January 1 (New Year’s Day) – Imperial Princess Shushi is granted the title Ippon Shinno (first rank princess).
• January 29 – Ranking ceremony of Murasaki Shikibu – as a renowned writer and lady-in-waiting, tutor of Empress Shōshi, she is elevated to the highest position in the palace below the empress.
• April – Imperial Prince Tomohira receives the title nihon (second rank prince).

By topic

Religion

• November 1 – King Henry II of Germany founds the Diocese of Bamberg during a synod held in Frankfurt.
• Ælfheah of Canterbury travels to Rome to receive his pallium – symbol of his status as an archbishop – from Pope John XVIII.
• The Keraites, a Turco-Mongolian tribe, are converted to Nestorianism (a sect of Christianity).^[13]

1008

• Olaf Haraldsson, future king of Norway, makes raids in the Baltic Sea. He lands on the Estonian island of Saaremaa, wins a battle there, and forces the inhabitants to pay tribute.
• Battle at Herdaler: Olaf Haraldsson sails to the southern coast of Finland to plunder, where he and his men are ambushed and defeated in the woods.
• The oldest known mention is made of the city of Gundelfingen (Southern Germany).
• Unification of the Georgian realm.

England

• King Æthelred the Unready orders a new fleet of warships built, organised on a national scale. It is a huge undertaking, but is completed the following year.^[14]

Arabian Empire

• Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah sends a tributary mission to Emperor Zhenzong of the Song dynasty in order to reestablish trade relations between the Fatimid Caliphate and China (approximate date).

Japan

• November 13 – Kamo Special Festival: The poet Murasaki Shikibu is given her name from a famous court poet, Fujiwara no Kinto; this year she probably starts to write The Diary of Lady Murasaki.
• 42nd Birthday of Fujiwara no Michinaga, father-in-law of the emperor, is celebrated.

By topic

Religion

• Autumn – Bruno of Querfurt, a missionary bishop, and 18 companions sets out on a mission to spread Christianity among the Prussians.^[15]
• Olof Skötkonung, king of Sweden, is baptized in Husaby (Västergötland) by missionary Sigfrid, and makes generous donations on the spot.^[16]

1009

• February 14 or March 9 – The first known mention is made of the name of Lithuania, in connection with the murder of Bruno of Querfurt. He is beheaded and his 18 companions are hanged the same day during a mission among the Prussians in the Baltic region.^[17]
• May 9 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus, an Italian nobleman, revolt in Bari against the Catepanate of Italy (a province of the Byzantine Empire). He and his brother-in-law Dattus (or Datto) mobilise a large army and invade southern Italy.^[18]
• November 1 – Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II in the battle of Alcolea. He enters the city of Córdoba, which is sacked by Berbers and Castillans. Sulayman is elected as caliph of the Caliphate of Córdoba.
• Doge Pietro II Orseolo dies after an 18-year reign in which he has started the expansion of Venetia by conquering the islands of Lastovo and Korčula along the Dalmatian coast. Pietro is succeeded by his 16-year-old son Otto Orseolo as sole ruler of Venice.^[19]
• Law on planning and building passed in Serbia during the reign of Prince Jovan Vladimir.

England

• Danish
  St. Brice's Day massacre of 1002
  .
• August – A large Viking army led by Thorkell the Tall lands on Kent and proceeds to terrorize most of Southern England.^[20][21]

Asia

• Spring – General
  Gang Jo leads a coup against King Mokjong. He is deposed and sent into exile in Chungju. After murdering Mokjong, Gang Jo places Hyeonjong on the throne as ruler of Goryeo
  .
• November – The
  palace guard) after the death of Lê Long Đĩnh, the last monarch of the Lê Dynasty
  .

• Princess Takahime (daughter of Imperial Prince Tomohira, cousin of emperor Ichijo) is married to Fujiwara no Yorimichi, first son of Fujiwara no Michinaga, enlarging the latter’s power.
• Takashina no Mitsuko is imprisoned for cursing the empress; Fujiwara no Korechika is also implicated but later pardoned.
• Murasaki Shikibu teaches the Chinese written language to Empress Shoshi in secret because this is usually a male accomplishment.

By topic

Religion

• Summer – Pope John XVIII dies after a pontificate of 5-years. He is succeeded by Sergius IV as the 142nd pope of the Catholic Church.
• August 29 – Mainz Cathedral suffers extensive damage from a fire, which destroys the building on the day of its inauguration.^[22]
• Jerusalem is destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
  .

• The
  Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis)'s 30-volume medical encyclopedia, the Al-Tasrif
  .
• Other significant contributions to scientific and mathematical understanding were made by
  Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
  .
• The
  Muslim mathematicians
  .
• Bell foundry is founded in Italy
  .
• Gunpowder is invented in China.

Significant people

• Abd al-Rahman Ibn Yunus
• Al-Qadir caliph of Baghdad
• Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi
  (Abulcasis)
• Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
• Abu Nasr Mansur
• Abu Rayhan al-Biruni
• Alhacen (Ibn al-Haytham)
• Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
• Basil II
• Boleslaus I of Poland
• Brian Boru
• Bruno of Querfurt
• Robert II of France
• Robert Guiscard
• Roger I of Sicily
• Sancho III of Navarre
• Stephen I of Hungary
• Sweyn I of Denmark
• Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria

Births

1000

• June 22 – Robert I, duke of Normandy (d. 1035)
• Adalbert, duke of Upper Lorraine (d. 1048)
• Adalbert, archbishop of Hamburg (d. 1072
  )
• Argyrus, Byzantine general (approximate date)
• Berthold II, duke of Carinthia (approximate date)
• Constantine IX, Byzantine emperor (d. 1055)
• Dominic of Silos, Spanish abbot (d. 1073)
• Benedictine abbot (d. 1058
  )
• Duthac, patron saint of Tain (Scotland) (d. 1065)
• Gilbert, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
• Guigues I, French nobleman (approximate date)
• Irmgardis, German noblewoman and saint
• John Mauropous, Byzantine hymnographer
• Kyiso, Burmese king of the Pagan Dynasty (d. 1038)
• Liudolf, German nobleman (approximate date)
• Lý Thái Tông, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1054)
• Michael I, Byzantine patriarch (approximate date)
• Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi, Fatimid scholar (d. 1078
  )
• Otto Bolesławowic, Polish prince (d. 1033)
• Qawam al-Dawla, Buyid governor (d. 1028)
• Robert de Turlande, French priest (d. 1067
  )
• Rotho, bishop of Paderborn (approximate date)
• Sylvester III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1063)
• Uta von Ballenstedt, margravine of Meissen
• William V, count of Auvergne (d. 1064)
• Yi Yuanji. Chinese painter (approximate date)

1001

• March 29 – Sokkate, Burmese king (d. 1044)
• Al-Qa'im, Abbasid caliph (d. 1075)
• Duncan I, king of Alba (Scotland) (d. 1040)
• Godwin, English nobleman (d. 1053)
• Herluin de Conteville, Norman nobleman (d. 1066)
• Ingegerd Olofsdotter, Grand Princess of Kiev (d. 1050)

1002

• May 10 – Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Muslim scholar (d. 1071)
• June 21 – Leo IX, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1054)
• Airlangga, ruler (rajah) of Kahuripan (Indonesia) (d. 1049)
• Adolf II of Lotharingia, German nobleman (d. 1041)
• Alice of Normandy, countess of Burgundy (d. 1038)
• Aristakes Lastivertsi, Armenian historian (d. 1080)
• George I, king of Georgia (approximate date)
• Mei Yaochen, poet of the Song Dynasty (d. 1060)
• Nikephoros III, Byzantine emperor (d. 1081)

1003

• Amatus, bishop of Nusco (approximate date)
• Conrad II (the Younger), duke of Carinthia (d. 1039)
• Edward the Confessor, king of England (d. 1066)
• Lower Lorraine
  (approximate date)
• Hedwig (or Advisa), French princess (approximate date)
• Herleva, Norman noblewoman (approximate date)
• Ibn Hayyus, Syrian poet and panegyrist (d. 1081)
• Ibn Zaydún, Andalusian poet and writer (d. 1071
  )
• Jing Zong, Chinese emperor of Western Xia (d. 1048)
• Liudolf of Brunswick, margrave of Frisia (d. 1038)
• Musharrif al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Iraq (d. 1025)

1004

• Abdallah ibn Al-Aftas, founder of the Aftasid Dynasty (d. 1060)
• Dedi I (or Dedo), margrave of Saxon Ostmark (d. 1075)
• Godgifu, daughter of Æthelred the Unready
  (approximate date)
• Guido of Acqui (or Wido), Italian bishop (approximate date)
• Minamoto no Takakuni, Japanese nobleman (d. 1077)
• Nasir Khusraw, Persian poet and philosopher (d. 1088)
• William VI ("the Fat"), French nobleman (d. 1038)

1005

• al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah, Fatimid caliph of Egypt (d. 1036
  )
• September 26 – Fujiwara no Nagaie, Japanese nobleman (d. 1064)
• A Nong, Chinese shaman and matriarch (approximate date)
• Berenguer Ramon I, Spanish nobleman (d. 1035)
• Bertha of Blois, duchess consort of Brittany (approximate date)
• Eilika of Schweinfurt, German noblewoman (approximate date)
• Frederick II, German nobleman and overlord (d. 1075)
• Llywelyn Aurdorchog, Welsh nobleman (approximate date)
• Macbeth ("Rí Deircc, the Red King"), king of Scotland (approximate date)
• Mahmud al-Kashgari, Turkish lexicographer (d. 1102)

1006

• October 23 – Wen Yanbo, grand chancellor (d. 1097)
• Al-Lakhmi, Fatimid scholar and jurist (d. 1085)
• Constantine X, Byzantine emperor (d. 1067)
• Ísleifur Gissurarson, Icelandic bishop (d. 1080)
• Sufi poet (d. 1088
  )

• Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heir (approximate date)
• Gervais de Château-du-Loir, French nobleman (d. 1067)
• Luxembourg
  (approximate date)
• Hugh Magnus (Hugues le Grand), king of France (d. 1025
  )
• Ibn Sidah, Andalusian linguist and lexicographer (d. 1066)
• Isaac I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (approximate date)
• Maitripada, Indian Buddhist philosopher (d. 1085)
• Ouyang Xiu, Chinese historian and poet (d. 1072)
• Peter Damian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia (d. 1073)
• Welf III, duke of Carinthia (approximate date)

1008

• May 4 – Henry I, king of France (d. 1060)
• October 12 – Atsuhira, future Emperor Go-Ichijō of Japan (d. 1036)
• Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya (d. 1062)
• Anselm of Liège, French chronicler and historian
• Di Qing, general of the Song Dynasty (d. 1057)
• Lower Lorraine (d. 1046
  )
• Sugawara no Takasue, Japanese writer (approximate date)
• Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester (approximate date)

1009

• May 22 – Su Xun, Chinese writer (d. 1066)
• December 14 – Atsunaga, future Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (d. 1045)
• Adèle of France, countess of Flanders (d. 1079
  )
• Ali Hariri, Marwanid poet and philosopher (d. 1079)
• George the Hagiorite, Georgian calligrapher (d. 1065)
• Qatran Tabrizi, Persian poet and writer (d. 1072)
• Toirdelbach Ua Briain, king of Munster (d. 1086)
• Yusuf ibn Tashfin, sultan of Morocco (d. 1106)

Deaths

1000

• May 17 – Ramwold, German Benedictine monk and abbot
• September 9 – Olaf Tryggvason (or Olaf I), king of Norway
• Abu'l Haret Ahmad, Farighunid ruler (approximate date)
• mathematician
• Abū Sahl al-Qūhī, Persian physician
  , mathematician and astronomer
• Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi, Persian physician
• Ahmad ibn Fadlan, Arab traveller and writer (approximate date)
• Edgar I
  (approximate date)
• Barjawan, vizier and regent of the Fatimid Caliphate
• Fantinus (the Younger), Italian hermit and abbot
• Pamplona
  (approximate date)
• Friesland
• Huyan Zan, Chinese general of the Song Dynasty
• Ivar of Waterford, Norse Viking king of Dublin
• Jacob ibn Jau, Andalusian-Jewish silk-manufacturer
• Judah ben David Hayyuj, Moroccan-Jewish linguist
• Malfrida, Russian Grand Princess consort of Kiev
• Manfred I, Frankish nobleman (approximate date)
• Masako, Japanese empress consort (b. 950)
• Minamoto no Shigeyuki, Japanese waka poet
• Shahriyar III, Bavand ruler of Tabaristan
• Tyra of Denmark, queen consort of Norway
• Ukhtanes of Sebastia, Armenian historian

1001

• January 13 – Fujiwara no Teishi, empress of Japan (b. 977)
• January 22 – Al-Muqallad ibn al-Musayyab, Uqaylid emir of Mosul^[23]
• October 7 – Æthelstan, bishop of Elmham
• December 21 – Hugh, margrave of Tuscany
• Conrad, margrave of Ivrea
• David III of Tao ("the Great"), Georgian prince
• Đinh Phế Đế, Vietnamese emperor (b. 974)
• Ermengarda de Vallespir, Spanish countess
• Izyaslav, Kievan prince of Polotsk
• Ja'far ibn al-Furat, Ikhshidid and Fatimid vizier (b. 921)
• Hindu Shahi
• Jayavarman V, emperor of the Khmer Empire
• Wang Yucheng, Chinese official and poet (b. 954)
• Ziri ibn Atiyya, emir of Morocco

1002

• January 8 – Wulfsige III, bishop of Sherborne
• January 23 – Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 980)
• April 23 – Æscwig, bishop of Dorchester
• margrave of Meissen
• May 6 – Ealdwulf, archbishop of York
• August 8 – Al-Mansur, Umayyad vizier and de facto ruler (b. 938)
• October 15 – Henry I, duke of Burgundy (b. 946)
• November 13
  • Gunhilde, Danish princess and noblewoman
  • Pallig, Danish chieftain (jarl) of Devonshire
• Athanasius IV, Syrian patriarch of Antioch
• Esztergom
• Gisela, French princess (approximate date)
• Godfrey I (the Prisoner), Frankish nobleman
• John the Iberian, Georgian monk (approximate date)
• Kisai Marvazi, Persian author and poet (b. 953)
• Rogneda of Polotsk, Grand Princess of Kiev (b. 962)
• Sa'id al-Dawla, Hamdanid emir of Aleppo (Syria)
• Sancho Ramírez, king of Viguera (approximate date)

1003

• January 19 – Kilian of Cologne, Irish abbot
• January 25 – Lothair I, margrave of the Nordmark
• May 4 – Herman II, duke of Swabia (Germany)
• May 12 – Sylvester II, pope of the Catholic Church
• July 11 – Al-Mansur al-Qasim al-Iyyani, Zaidi imam
• At-Ta'i, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad (b. 929
  )
• November 6 – John XVII, pope of the Catholic Church
• December 24 – William II, German nobleman
• December 27 – Emma of Blois, duchess of Aquitaine
• Athanasius the Athonite, Byzantine monk (b. 920)
• Brian mac Maelruanaidh, king of Maigh Seóla (Ireland)
• Didda, queen consort and regent of Kashmir (India)
• Erik the Red, Norse Viking explorer (approximate date)
• Flannchad ua Ruaidíne, abbot of Clonmacnoise
• Gregory of Narek, Armenian theologian (b. 951)
• Gurgen IV, king of Vaspurakan (Armenia)
• Ibrahim ibn Baks, Buyid scholar and physician
• Philotheos, patriarch of Alexandria (Egypt
  )
• Rozala, French queen and countess of Flanders
• Vladivoj, duke of Bohemia (Czech Republic
  )

• June – Frederick, archbishop of Ravenna
• July 11 – Theobald II, French nobleman
• November 4 – Otto I, duke of Carinthia
• November 13 – Abbo of Fleury, French abbot
• Adelaide of Aquitaine, French queen consort
• Aderald, French priest and archdeacon
• Eochaid ua Flannacáin, Irish cleric and poet (b. 935)
• Gisilher (or Giselmar), archbishop of Magdeburg
• Khusrau Shah, king of the Justanids (approximate date)
• Li, empress consort of the Song Dynasty (b. 960
  )
• Li Jiqian, Chinese governor and rebel leader (b. 963)
• Ragnall mac Gofraid, king of the Isles (or 1005)
• Soběslav (or Soběbor), Bohemian nobleman
• Wulfric Spot, English nobleman (approximate date)

1005

• March 25 – Kenneth III ("An Donn, the Chief"), king of Scotland^[24]
• October 31 – Abe no Seimei, Japanese astrologer (b. 921)
• November 16 – Ælfric of Abingdon, archbishop of Canterbury
• December 14 – Adalbero II, bishop of Verdun and Metz
• December 27 – Nilus the Younger, Byzantine abbot (b. 910)
• Abu Hilal al-Askari, Muslim scholar and writer (b. 920)
• Cynan ap Hywel, prince of Gwynedd (approximate date)
• Lê Hoàn, emperor of the Early Lê Dynasty (b. 941)
• Lê Trung Tông, emperor of the Early Lê Dynasty (b. 983
  )
• Isma'il Muntasir ("Victorious"), ruler of the Samanids
• Mael Ruanaidh Ua Dubhda, king of Connacht
• Ma Yize, Muslim astronomer of the Song Dynasty
• Ragnall mac Gofraid, king of the Isles (or 1004)
• Sigmundur Brestisson, Viking chieftain (b. 961)
• Yves de Bellême, Norman nobleman (approximate date)

1006

• February 13 – Fulcran, bishop of Lodève (France)
• July 21 – Gisela of Burgundy, duchess of Bavaria
• December 26 – Gao Qiong, Chinese general (b. 935)
• Northumbria
• Azon the Venerable (or Atso), French prelate
• Fiachra Ua Focarta, abbot of Clonfert (Ireland)
• Giovanni Orseolo, Venetian nobleman (b. 981)
• Ibn Marzuban, Persian official and physician
• Maud of Normandy, French noblewoman
• Olaf the Peacock, Icelandic merchant
• Sherira Gaon
  , Jewish spiritual leader
• Cenwulf, bishop of Winchester (approximate date)

1007

• February 27 – Ælfwaru, English noblewoman
• March 20 – Abu Rakwa, Andalusian Umayyad prince
• July 21 – Gisela of Burgundy, duchess of Bavaria
• October 31 – Heriger, abbot of Lobbes (Belgium)
• Attilanus, bishop of Zamora (Spain) (b. 937)
• Badi' al-Zaman al-Hamadani, Persian poet (b. 969)
• Guo, empress of the Song Dynasty (b. 975)
• Manjutakin, Fatimid general and governor
• chemist
• Pelayo Rodríguez, count (comes) of León
• Esztergom
• Urraca Fernández, Galician queen

1008

• March 17 – Kazan, emperor of Japan (b. 968)
• April 7 – Ludolf (or Liudolf), archbishop of Trier
• April 10 – Notker of Liège, French bishop (b. 940)
• May 25
  • Bishi, Japanese imperial princess
  • Matilda of Saxony, countess of Flanders
• October 6 – Menendo González, Galician nobleman
• November 20 – Geoffrey I, duke of Brittany (b. 980)
• Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, Andalusian court official
• Clothna mac Aenghusa, Irish poet (approximate date)
• Gunnlaugr Ormstunga, Icelandic poet
  (approximate date)
• Gurgen II (Magistros), king of Iberia-Kartli (Georgia)
• Ibn Zur'a, Abbasid physician and philosopher (b. 943)
• Madudan mac Gadhra Mór, king of Síol Anmchadha
• Poppo, Polish missionary bishop (approximate date)
• Raymond III, French nobleman (approximate date)
• Rotbold I (or Rotbaud), French nobleman
• Sarolt, Grand Princess of Hungary (b. 950)

1009

• February 14 – Bruno of Querfurt, German missionary bishop
• March 2 – Mokjong, king of Goryeo (Korea) (b. 980)
• March 3 – Abd al-Rahman Sanchuelo, Umayyad chief minister (b. 983)
• June or July – John XVIII, pope of the Catholic Church
• August 21 – Tomohira, Japanese imperial prince (uncle of the emperor)
• November 13 – Dedo I, German nobleman (b. 950)
• December 25 – Bernard William, French nobleman
• Khwarezm (Iran
  )
• Abu Muhammad Lu'lu' al-Kabir, emir of Aleppo (Syria)
• Fujiwara no Nagatō, Japanese bureaucrat and poet (b. 949)
• mathematician
• Khalaf ibn Ahmad, emir of the Saffarid Dynasty (b. 937)
• Lê Long Đĩnh, emperor of the Lê Dynasty (b. 986)
• Pietro II Orseolo, doge of Venice (b. 961)
• Xiao Yanyan, Chinese Khitan empress (b. 953
  )