Bibliography of works about communism

Thomas Muentzer

Below is a list of post World War II scholarly books and journal articles written in or translated into English about communism. Items on this list should be considered a non-exhaustive list of reliable sources related to the theory and practice of communism in its different forms.

The criteria for inclusion are meeting one or more of:

Books are published by an academic press or major nationally known unbiased publisher.
Academic journals listed are mainstream academic journals published by an academic press or major nationally known publisher.
Works that have been reviewed in mainstream academic journals.
The author is well known and has written works on the subject that would be considered reliable sources.

The #Further reading section contains works with substantial bibliographies about communism.

The individual list items are in APA format and do not use citation templates. References for individual list items are in APA format and use citation templates. ISBNs are not included; editions are noted when important with an explanatory footnote.

General works about the theory and history of communism

Brown, A. (2009). The Rise and Fall of Communism. London: The Bodley Head.^[1]^[2]^[3]
Haslam, J. (2021). The Spectre of War: International Communism and the Origins of World War II. In Princeton Studies in International History and Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.^[4]^[5]
Holmes, L. (2009). Communism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.

The Cambridge History of Communism

Pons, S., & Smith, S. A. (Eds.). (2017). The Cambridge History of Communism. (Vol. 1). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[a]
Naimark, N., Pons, S., & Quinn-Judge, S. (Eds.). (2017). The Cambridge History of Communism: Volume 2, The Socialist Camp and World Power 1941–1960s. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[b]
Fürst, J., Pons, S., & Selden, M. (Eds.). (2017). The Cambridge History of Communism: Volume 3, Endgames? Late Communism in Global Perspective, 1968 to the Present. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[c]

Works primarily about theory

Books in this section are grouped by subject, not author perspective.

Background

Lichtheim, G. (1980). A Short History of Socialism. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Marxism and variations

Cohen, S. F. (1970). Bukharin, Lenin and the Theoretical Foundations of Bolshevism. Soviet Studies, 21(4), pp. 436–457.
Furet, F. (1999). The Passing of an Illusion: The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Losurdo, D. (2004). Towards a Critique of the Category of Totalitarianism. Historical Materialism. 12(2), pp. 25–55.

Leninism and Marxist Leninism

Biggart, J. (1981). "Anti-Leninist Bolshevism": The Forward Group of the RSDRP. Canadian Slavonic Papers, 23(2), pp. 134–153.
Evans, A. (1987). Rereading Lenin's State and Revolution. Slavic Review, 46(1), pp. 1–19.
Gerratana, V. (1977). Stalin, Lenin and 'Leninism'. New Left Review, (103).
Harding, N. (1996). Leninism. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
———. (2010). Lenin's Political Thought (2 vols.). Chicago, IL: Haymarket.
Lane, D. S. (1981). Leninism: A Sociological Interpretation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Liebman, M. (1975). Leninism Under Lenin. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
Levine, N. (1985). Lenin's Utopianism. Studies in Soviet Thought. 30(2), pp. 95–107.
Melograni, P. (1989). Lenin and the Myth of World Revolution: Ideology and Reasons of State, 1917-1920. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International.^[6]
Meyer, A. G. (1986). Leninism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.^[7]^[8]
Ree, E. van. (2010). Lenin's Conception of Socialism in One Country, 1915–17. Revolutionary Russia, 23(2), pp. 159–181.
Theen, R. (1972). The Idea of the Revolutionary State: Tkachev, Trotsky, and Lenin. The Russian Review, 31(4), pp. 383–397.
Ryan, J. (2012). Lenin's Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence. London: Routledge.
Sabine, G. (1961). The Ethics of Bolshevism. The Philosophical Review, 70(3), pp. 299–319.
Uldricks, T. J. (1979). Diplomacy and Ideology: The Origins of Soviet Foreign Relations, 1917-1930. London, UK: Sage Publications.^[9]
White, J. D. (2001). Lenin: The Practice and Theory of Revolution. New York: Red Globe Press.

Trotskyism

Getty, J. (1986). Trotsky in Exile: The Founding of the Fourth International. Soviet Studies, 38(1), pp. 24–35.
McNeal, R. (1961). Trotsky's Interpretation of Stalin. Canadian Slavonic Papers, 5, pp. 87–97.
Theen, R. (1972). The Idea of the Revolutionary State: Tkachev, Trotsky, and Lenin. The Russian Review, 31(4), pp. 383–397.
Rowney, D. K. (1977). Development of Trotsky's Theory of Revolution, 1898–1907. Studies in Comparative Communism, 10(1/2), pp. 18–33.

Stalinism

Fitzpatrick, S. (2006). Stalinism: New Directions. London, UK: Routledge.
Gaido, D. (2011). Marxist Analyses of Stalinism. Science & Society, 75(1), pp. 99–107.
Mccauley, M. (2015). Stalin and Stalinism. New York, NY: Routledge.
Medvedev, R. A. (1979). On Stalin and Stalinism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Reichman, H. (1988). Reconsidering "Stalinism". Theory and Society, 17(1), pp. 57–89.
Schull, J. (1992). The Ideological Origins of “Stalinism” in Soviet Literature. Slavic Review, 51(3), pp. 468–484.

Maoism

Dengism

Luxemburgism

Non-Marxism

Religious communism

Anarcho communism

Works about internations expressions of communism

Getty, J. (1986). Trotsky in Exile: The Founding of the Fourth International. Soviet Studies, 38(1), pp. 24–35.
Kirby, D. (1986). War, Peace and Revolution: International Socialism at the Crossroads, 1914-1918. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.^[10]^[11]
McDermott, K., Agnew, J. (1996). The Comintern: A History of International Communism from Lenin to Stalin. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Works about national expressions of communism

Russia and the Soviet Union

Borys, J. & Armstrong, J. A. (1980). The Sovietization of Ukraine, 1917-1923: The Communist Doctrine and Practice of National Self-Determination. Edmonton, AB: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies.[12]
Brandenberger, D., & Dubrovsky, A. (1998). 'The People Need a Tsar': The Emergence of National Bolshevism as Stalinist Ideology, 1931-1941. Europe-Asia Studies, 50(5), pp. 873–892.
Brovkin, V. N. (1983). The Mensheviks' Political Comeback: The Elections to the Provincial City Soviets in Spring 1918. The Russian Review, 42(1), pp. 1–50.
———. (1984). The Mensheviks Under Attack The Transformation of Soviet Politics, June-September 1918. Jahrbücher Für Geschichte Osteuropas, 32(3), Neue Folge, pp. 378–391.
———. (1987). The Mensheviks after October: Socialist Opposition and the Rise of the Bolshevik Dictatorship. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
———. (1994). Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918–1922. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Burbank, J. (1995). Lenin and the Law in Revolutionary Russia. Slavic Review, 54(1), pp. 23–44.
Campeanu, P. (2016). Origins of Stalinism: From Leninist Revolution to Stalinist Society. London, UK: Routledge.
Daniels, R. V. (1960). The Conscience Of The Revolution: Communist Opposition In Soviet Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]
———. (1991). The Left Opposition as an Alternative to Stalinism. Slavic Review, 50(2), pp. 277–285.
Day, R. B. (1977). Trotsky and Preobrazhensky: The Troubled Unity of the Left Opposition. Studies in Comparative Communism, 10(1/2), pp. 69–86.
Donald, M. (1993). Marxism and Revolution: Karl Kautsky and the Russian Marxists, 1900-1924. New Haven: Yale University Press.^[d]
Felshtinsky, Y. (1990). Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and the Left Opposition in the USSR 1918-1928. Cahiers Du Monde Russe Et Soviétique, 31(4), pp. 569–578.
Gregor, A. J. (2012). Chapter 4, Leninism: Revolution as Religion. In Totalitarianism and Political Religion: An Intellectual History. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Kowalski, R. I. (1991). The Bolshevik Party in Conflict: The Left Communist Opposition of 1918. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan.^[17]^[18]
Laqueur, W. (1994). The Dream That Failed: Reflections on the Soviet Union. New York: Oxford University Press.
Leggett, George. (1981). The Cheka: Lenin's Political Police. New York: Oxford University Press.^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22]
Lindemann, A. S. (1974). The "Red Years": European Socialism versus Bolshevism, 1919-1921. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.^[23]
Pipes, R. (1950). The First Experiment in Soviet National Policy: The Bashkir Republic, 1917-1920. The Russian Review, 9(4), pp. 303–319.^[e]
———. (1997). The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism, 1917-1923 (Revised Edition). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
———. (2011). Russia Under the Bolshevik Regime: 1919–1924. New York: Knopf.
Radkey, O. H. (1950). Russia Goes to the Polls: The Election to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
———. (1953). An Alternative to Bolshevism: The Program of Russian Social Revolutionism. The Journal of Modern History, 25(1), pp. 25–39.
———. (1964). The Sickle Under the Hammer: The Russian Socialist Revolutionaries in the Early Months of Soviet Rule. Berkeley, CA: University Presses of California.
Rigby, T. H. (1979). Lenin's Government: Sovnarkom 1917–1922. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.^[24]^[25]
Rogger, H. (2016). Russia in the Age of Modernisation and Revolution 1881 - 1917. New York, NY: Routledge.^[26]^[27]
Rosenberg, W. G. (1974). Liberals in the Russian Revolution: The Constitutional Democratic Party, 1917–1921. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
———. (1990). Bolshevik Visions: First Phase of the Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.^[28]
Ryan, James. (2012). Lenin's Terror: The Ideological Origins of Early Soviet State Violence. London: Routledge.^[29]
Schapiro, L. B. (1984). The Russian Revolutions of 1917: The Origins of Modern Communism. New York: Basic Books.
———. (1977). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the Soviet State; First Phase 1917-1922 (2nd Edition). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
———. (1978). The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2nd Edition). London, UK: Methuen Publishing.
Slezkine, Yuri. (2017). The House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.^[30]^[31]^[32]
Smith, S. B. (2013). Captives of Revolution: The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Bolshevik Dictatorship, 1918–1923. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Suny, R. G. (Ed.). (2006). The Cambridge History of Russia: Volume 3, The Twentieth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[f]^[33]^[34]
Swain, G. (1991) Before The Fighting Started: A discussion on the theme of ‘The Third Way’. Revolutionary Russia, 4(2), pp. 210–234.
Thomson, J. M. (1987). The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the Soviet State, First Phase 1917–1922. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.^[35]^[36]
Treadgold, D. W. (2017). Lenin and His Rivals: The Struggle for Russia's Future, 1898-1906. London, UK: Routledge.
Van Ree, E. (1994). Stalin's Bolshevism: The First Decade. International Review of Social History, 39(3), pp. 361–381.
Venturi, F. (1960). Roots of Revolution: A History of the Populist and Socialist Movements in Nineteenth Century Russia. London, UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.^[37]

Europe

Harison, C. (2007). The Paris Commune of 1871, the Russian Revolution of 1905, and the Shifting of the Revolutionary Tradition. History and Memory, 19(2), pp. 5–42.

Soviet Eastern Europe

Chmielewska, K., Mrozik, A., & Wołowiec, G. (Eds.). (2021). Reassessing Communism: Concepts, Culture, and Society in Poland 1944–1989. Central European University Press.
Naimark, N., Gibianskii, L. (eds.). (1997). The Establishment of Communist Regimes in Eastern Europe, 1944–1949. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Asia

China

Africa

Americas

The United States

Works about local expressions of communism

Works here are about communist communities which existed in non-communist states.

Comparative Studies

Gellately, R. (2007). Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. New York, NY: Knopf.^[38]^[39]
Geyer, M., & Fitzpatrick, S. (2009). Beyond Totalitarianism: Stalinism and Nazism Compared. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[40]^[41]^[42]
Gregor, A. J. (2009). Marxism, Fascism, and Totalitarianism: Chapters in the Intellectual History of Radicalism. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
Kershaw, I., & Lewin, M. (1997). Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Pauley, B. F. (2015). Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Communism and Totalitarianism

Losurdo, D. (2004). Towards a Critique of the Category of Totalitarianism. Historical Materialism. 12(2), pp. 25–55.
Pauley, B. F. (2015). Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Biography

Biographies of major figures in the history and theory of communism.

Baron, S. H. (1963). Plekhanov: The Father of Russian Marxism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.^[g]
Deutscher, I. (2015). The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky. New York, NY: Verso.^[h]
Getzler, I. (1967). Martov: Political Biography: A Political Biography of a Russian Social Democrat. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Stalin: Volume I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928. New York, NY: Penguin Press.^[43]^[44]^[45]^[46]

———. (2017).
Stalin. (Vol. 2). Waiting for Hitler, 1928–1941. New York, NY: Penguin Books.^[47]^[48]

Mccauley, M. (2015). Stalin and Stalinism. New York, NY: Routledge.
McLellan, D. (2006). Karl Marx: A Biography. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Theen, R. (2004). Lenin: Genesis and Development of a Revolutionary. Princeton: Princeton University Press.^[49]
Wood, A. (2005). Stalin and Stalinism. London, UK: Routledge.

Other

Hanebrink, P. (2018). A Specter Haunting Europe: The Myth of Judeo-Bolshevism. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.^[50]

Select primary sources in English

Gregor, R. (2019). Resolutions and Decisions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Volume 2: The Early Soviet Period 1917-1929. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press.
Hoffmann, D. L.
(Ed.). (2002). Stalinism: The Essential Readings. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.

Academic journals

The list below contains academic journals frequently referenced in this bibliography or that will contain other articles related to the history and theory of communism.

Canadian-American Slavic Studies (1967–Present): Brill Online.
Central Asian Survey (1982–Present): Taylor Francis Online.
Contemporary European History (1992–2014): JSTOR.
East European Quarterly (1967–2008, 2015–Present): Central European University.
Journal of Baltic Studies (1970–Present): Taylor Francis Online.
Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography (2008–Present): Brill Online.
Journal of Ukrainian Studies (1976–2012): Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Archived 18 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine
.

Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History (2000–Present): Georgetown University, Project Muse.
The Polish Review (1942–1945, 1956–2019): The Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America, JSTOR.
Rethinking Marxism (2003–present) Official website.
Revolutionary Russia (1988–Present): Taylor Francis Online
.

The Russian Review (1941–Present): Wiley Online, Wiley Online Library, JSTOR.
Russian Studies in History (formerly Soviet Studies in History) (1962–1992, 1992–Present): Taylor Francis Online.
Sibirica: Journal of Siberian Studies (2001–2019): Berghahn, Taylor Francis Online.
Studies in Soviet Thought (1961–2016): JSTOR.
The Slavic and East European Journal (1957–Present): American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages, JSTOR
.

Slavic Review (1961–Present): University of Illinois, JSTOR.
Slavonic and East European Review (1922–1927, 1928–Present): UCL School of Slavonic And East European Studies, JSTOR
.

Soviet Studies (1949–1992): JSTOR
.

Studies in Comparative Communism (1968–1992): Science Direct Online.
Politics, Religion & Ideology (formerly Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions) (2000–Present): Taylor Francis Online

Bibliographies

This annotated list contains bibliographies of communism and works containing significant bibliographies on communism.

Books

Suny, R. G. (Ed.). (2006). The Cambridge History of Russia: Volume 3, The Twentieth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[i]^[33]^[34]
Pons, S., & Smith, S. A. (Eds.). (2017). The Cambridge History of Communism. (Vol. 1). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[j]
Naimark, N., Pons, S., & Quinn-Judge, S. (Eds.). (2017). The Cambridge History of Communism: Volume 2, The Socialist Camp and World Power 1941–1960s. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[b]
Fürst, J., Pons, S., & Selden, M. (Eds.). (2017). The Cambridge History of Communism: Volume 3, Endgames? Late Communism in Global Perspective, 1968 to the Present. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.^[k]

Academic journals

Filardo, P. M. (2017). United States Communist History Bibliography 2016, and a Selective Bibliography of Non-U.S. Communism and Communism-Related Theory. American Communist History, 16(3–4), 168–220.
Haynes, J. E. (2004). "A Bibliography of Communism, Film, Radio and Television". Film History. 16(4): 396–423.

References

Notes

^ The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.
^ ^a ^b The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.
^ The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.
^ see Karl Kautsky.
^ See Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
^ Contains a 60 page scholarly select bibliography of works relating to the history of the Soviet Union.
^ See Georgi Plekhanov.
^ Originally published in three volumes by Oxford University Press (1954, 1959, 1963).
^ Contains a 60 page scholarly select bibliography of works relating to the history of the Soviet Union.
^ The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.
^ The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.

Citations

JSTOR 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.89.3.0580
.

S2CID 164578448
.

S2CID 217535923
.

S2CID 246910020
.

S2CID 247201377
.

S2CID 164785073
.

JSTOR 305030
.

JSTOR 126303
.

JSTOR 20040627
.

JSTOR 4209512
.

JSTOR 1880977
.

JSTOR 41035914
.

S2CID 164654258
.

JSTOR 1877273
.

JSTOR 2146231
.

JSTOR 444301
.

JSTOR 24657268
.

S2CID 164411133
.

JSTOR 1880364
.

JSTOR 4208468
.

S2CID 157933756
.

JSTOR 1858027
.

doi:10.1080/03612759.1975.9946948
.

S2CID 164690316
.

JSTOR 151293
.

JSTOR 129309
.

JSTOR 24652691
.

S2CID 164662130
.

S2CID 165029747
.

^ Shore, Marci (18 August 2017). "The Russian Revolution Recast as an Epic Family Tragedy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

^ Owen Hatherley (15 December 2017). "The House of Government by Yuri Slezkine review – the Russian Revolution told through one building". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

^ Rose Deller (26 February 2018). "Book Review: The House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution by Yuri Slezkine". The London School of Economics. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

^
S2CID 247619693
.

^
doi:10.1086/649129
.

JSTOR 3001342
.

JSTOR 2145036
.

JSTOR 2611838
.

S2CID 153217580
.

S2CID 161337701
.

JSTOR 20787947
.

JSTOR 10.1086/659158
.

JSTOR 25593796
.

S2CID 156644120
.

S2CID 164564763
.

S2CID 152066357
.

S2CID 151500856
.

S2CID 158248404
.

doi:10.1093/ahr/rhy475
.

JSTOR 2495806
.

S2CID 26990304
.

External links

Links to bibliographies and syllabi with bibliographies by departments and instructors at major colleges and universities.

Readings in the History of Communism and Anticommunism in America; University at Albany, State University of New York

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bibliography_of_works_about_communism&oldid=1219508378"

[6] The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.

[chc-7] The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.

[8] The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.

[Kautsky-20] see Karl Kautsky.

[28] See Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

[38] Contains a 60 page scholarly select bibliography of works relating to the history of the Soviet Union.

[plek-49] See Georgi Plekhanov.

[50] Originally published in three volumes by Oxford University Press (1954, 1959, 1963).

[59] Contains a 60 page scholarly select bibliography of works relating to the history of the Soviet Union.

[60] The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.

[61] The notes at the end of each essay (chapter) includes substantial bibliographic entries.

[1] JSTOR 10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.89.3.0580
.

[2] S2CID 164578448
.

[3] S2CID 217535923
.

[4] S2CID 246910020
.

[5] S2CID 247201377
.

[9] S2CID 164785073
.

[10] JSTOR 305030
.

[11] JSTOR 126303
.

[dipideo1-12] JSTOR 20040627
.

[13] JSTOR 4209512
.

[14] JSTOR 1880977
.

[15] JSTOR 41035914
.

[16] S2CID 164654258
.

[17] JSTOR 1877273
.

[18] JSTOR 2146231
.

[19] JSTOR 444301
.

[21] JSTOR 24657268
.

[22] S2CID 164411133
.

[23] JSTOR 1880364
.

[24] JSTOR 4208468
.

[25] S2CID 157933756
.

[26] JSTOR 1858027
.

[27] :10.1080/03612759.1975.9946948
.

[29] S2CID 164690316
.

[30] JSTOR 151293
.

[31] JSTOR 129309
.

[32] JSTOR 24652691
.

[bolshvisions-33] S2CID 164662130
.

[34] S2CID 165029747
.

[35] Shore, Marci (18 August 2017). "The Russian Revolution Recast as an Epic Family Tragedy". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

[36] Owen Hatherley (15 December 2017). "The House of Government by Yuri Slezkine review – the Russian Revolution told through one building". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

[37] Rose Deller (26 February 2018). "Book Review: The House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution by Yuri Slezkine". The London School of Economics. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

[:0-39] 
S2CID 247619693
.

[:1-40] 
doi:10.1086/649129
.

[41] JSTOR 3001342
.

[42] JSTOR 2145036
.

[43] JSTOR 2611838
.

[44] S2CID 153217580
.

[45] S2CID 161337701
.

[46] JSTOR 20787947
.

[47] JSTOR 10.1086/659158
.

[48] JSTOR 25593796
.

[51] S2CID 156644120
.

[52] S2CID 164564763
.

[53] S2CID 152066357
.

[54] S2CID 151500856
.

[55] S2CID 158248404
.

[56] :10.1093/ahr/rhy475
.

[leningenesis-57] JSTOR 2495806
.

[rr803-58] S2CID 26990304
.

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