Scutellaria

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Scutellaria
Scutellaria pekinensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Scutellarioideae
Genus: Scutellaria
L.[1]
Synonyms [1]
  • Anaspis Rech.f.
  • Cruzia Phil.
  • Harlanlewisia Epling
  • Perilomia Kunth
  • Salazaria Torr.
  • Theresa Clos

Scutellaria is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. They are known commonly as skullcaps.[2] The generic name is derived from the Latin scutella, meaning "a small dish, tray or platter",[3] or "little dish",[4] referring to the shape of the calyx.[4] The common name alludes to the resemblance of the same structure to "miniature medieval helmets".[4] The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution,[5] with species occurring nearly worldwide, mainly in temperate regions.[6]

Description

Most Scutellaria are

perennial herbaceous plants from 5 to 100 cm (2 to 39 in) tall, however a few are subshrubs. Some Scutellaria are aquatic. Scutellaria have four-angled stems and opposite leaves
, and flowers with upper and lower lips. The genus is most easily recognized by the typical shield on the calyx that has also prompted its common name.

Traditional use

Skullcaps are used in traditional medicine, such as in traditional Chinese medicine.[7] The root of Scutellaria baicalensis – a common component of many preparations[8] – is marketed in volumes that have led to the overexploitation of the wild plant. Its rarity has led to an increase in price, and encouraged the adulteration of the product with other species of Scutellaria.[9]

In 1773, Scutellaria lateriflora became a common treatment in North America for the hysteria and hydrophobia caused by rabies.[10] Today it is still a popular medicinal herb.[11] It is widely available as a commercial product used in western herbalism.[12] The plant reportedly commands prices of $16 to $64 per pound dry weight.[13]

Constituents

The main compounds in skullcap are

wogonoside, and 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyl flavanone found in Scutellaria.[14] Other constituents include baicalin, apigenin, oroxylin A, and scutellarein.[15]

Selected species

Main article: List of Scutellaria species

Estimates of the number of species in the genus range from around 300[4][6] to about 350[7][16] or 360[17] to 470.[5][18][2][19][20][21][22]

Selected species include:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Genus: Scutellaria L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
  2. ^ a b "Scutellaria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
  3. ^ Scutellaria parvula var. missouriensis. Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium. University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point.
  4. ^ a b c d Joshee N, Patrick TS, Mentreddy RS, Yadav AK (2002). "Skullcap: Potential medicinal crop". In Janick J, Whipkey A (eds.). Trends in New Crops and New Uses. Alexandria, Virginia: ASHS Press. pp. 580–6.
  5. ^ a b Ulloa, C. U. and P. M. Jørgensen. Scutellaria. Árboles y arbustos de los Andes del Ecuador. eFloras.
  6. ^ a b Scutellaria. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  7. ^
    PMID 20064593
    .
  8. S2CID 31127513
    .
  9. ^
    PMID 21804206
    .
  10. ^ Scutellaria lateriflora. Southern Cross Plant Science. Southern Cross University.
  11. PMID 22342658
    .
  12. PMID 18445366
    .
  13. ^ Janke, R. A Grower's Guide: Scullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). MF-2628. Cooperative Extension, Kansas State University. 2004.
  14. PMID 12499072
    .
  15. PMID 14692724
    .
  16. ^ Scutellaria. Flora of China.
  17. S2CID 86160022
    .
  18. S2CID 27063502
    .
  19. ^ Scutellaria, list of taxa. Flora of China.
  20. ^ "GRIN Species Records of Scutellaria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
  21. ^ Scutellaria, list of taxa. Flora of Pakistan.
  22. PMID 34940126
    .
  23. S2CID 83741723
    .
  24. ^ Turner BL (2011). "A new species of Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) from Oaxaca, Mexico" (PDF). Phytologia. 93 (2): 241–4.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scutellaria&oldid=1195320268"