List of state leaders in 2001
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This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 2001.
Africa
- Algeria
- President – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–2019)
- Prime Minister – Ali Benflis, Prime Minister of Algeria (2000–2003)
- Angola
- President – José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Benin
- President – Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
- Botswana
- President – Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
- Burkina Faso
- President – President of Burkina Faso(1987–2014)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Burkina Faso(2000–2007)
- President –
- Burundi
- President – Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
- Cameroon
- President – Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister – Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
- Cape Verde
- President –
- President of Cape Verde(1991–2001)
- President of Cape Verde(2001–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Cape Verde(2000–2001)
- Prime Minister of Cape Verde(2001–2016)
- President –
- Central African Republic
- President – President of the Central African Republic(1993–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of the Central African Republic(1999–2001)
- Prime Minister of the Central African Republic(2001–2003)
- President –
- Chad
- President – President of Chad(1990–2021)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Chad(1999–2002)
- President –
- Comoros
- President – President of the Comoros(1999–2002)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of the Comoros(2000–2002)
- Anjouan (unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President –
- Said Abeid, President of Anjouan (1999–2001)
- Presidium of Anjouan
- Members – Halidi Charif, Mohamed Bacar, and Hassan Ali Toilha (2001)
- Mohamed Bacar, President of Anjouan (2001–2007)
- President –
- President –
- Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President – President of the Republic of the Congo(1997–present)
- President –
- Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- President –
- Djibouti
- President – President of Djibouti(1999–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Djibouti(1978–2001)
- Prime Minister of Djibouti(2001–2013)
- President –
- Egypt
- President – Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister – Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President – President of Equatorial Guinea(1979–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea(1996–2001)
- Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea(2001–2004)
- President –
- Eritrea
- President – President of Eritrea (1991–present) [a]
- President –
- Ethiopia
- President –
- Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
- Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President of Ethiopia (2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
- President –
- Gabon
- President – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister – Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
- The Gambia
- President – Yahya Jammeh, President of the Gambia (1994–2017)
- Ghana
- President –
- Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
- John Kufuor, President of Ghana (2001–2009)
- President –
- Guinea
- President – President of Guinea(1984–2008)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Guinea(1999–2004)
- President –
- Guinea-Bissau
- President – President of Guinea-Bissau(2000–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau(2000–2001)
- Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau(2001)
- Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau(2001–2002)
- President –
- Ivory Coast
- President – President of the Ivory Coast(2000–2011)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of the Ivory Coast(2000–2003)
- President –
- Kenya
- President – Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho
- Monarch – King of Lesotho(1996–present)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Lesotho(1998–2012)
- Monarch –
- Liberia
- President – Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (2000–2003)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State – Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- De jure Head of State – General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya(1992–2008)
- Prime Minister – General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya(2000–2003)
- Madagascar
- President – President of Madagascar(1997–2002)
- Prime Minister – Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
- President –
- Malawi
- President – Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
- Mali
- President – President of Mali(1992–2002)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Mali(2000–2002)
- President –
- Mauritania
- President – President of Mauritania(1984–2005)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Mauritania(1998–2003)
- President –
- Mauritius
- President – Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister – Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (2000–2003)
- Mayotte (departmental collectivity of France)
- redesignated from a territorial collectivity of the French Republic on 11 July
- Prefect –
- Prefect of Mayotte(1998–2001)
- Prefect of Mayotte(2001–2002)
- Head of Government – President of the General Council of Mayotte(1991–2004)
- Morocco
- Monarch – Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognised state)
- President – President of Western Sahara(1976–2016)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Western Sahara(1999–2003)
- President –
- Mozambique
- President – President of Mozambique(1986–2005)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Mozambique(1994–2004)
- President –
- Namibia
- President – Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister – Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
- Niger
- President – President of Niger(1999–2010)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Niger(2000–2007)
- President –
- Nigeria
- President – Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
- Rwanda
- President – President of Rwanda(2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Bernard Makuza, Prime Minister of Rwanda (2000–2011)
- President –
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- President –
- President of São Tomé and Príncipe(1995–2001)
- President of São Tomé and Príncipe(2001–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe(1999–2002)
- Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe(2001–2002)
- President –
- Senegal
- President – Abdoulaye Wade, President of Senegal (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister –
- Moustapha Niasse, Prime Minister of Senegal (2000–2001)
- Mame Madior Boye, Prime Minister of Senegal (2001–2002)
- Seychelles
- President – President of Seychelles(1977–2004)
- President –
- Sierra Leone
- President – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
- Somalia
- President – Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President of Somalia (2000–2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Somalia(2000–2001)
- Acting Prime Minister of Somalia(2001)
- Prime Minister of Somalia(2001–2003)
- unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
- Puntland (self-declared autonomous state)
- President –
- Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998–2001)
- Yusuf Haji Nur, Acting President of Puntland (2001)
- Jama Ali Jama, President of Puntland (2001–2002)
- President –
- South Africa
- President – Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
- Sudan
- President – President of Sudan(1989–2019)
- President –
- Swaziland
- Monarch – King of Swaziland(1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Swaziland(1996–2003)
- Monarch –
- Tanzania
- President – Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Togo
- President – President of Togo(1967–2005)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Togo(2000–2002)
- President –
- Tunisia
- President – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister – Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
- Uganda
- President – Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister – Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
- Zambia
- President – Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
- Zimbabwe
- President – Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
- Supreme Leader – Mullah Omar, Supreme Leader of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister –
- Mohammad Rabbani, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Abdul Kabir, Acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan (2001)
- Islamic State of Afghanistan
- President –
- Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
- Hamid Karzai, Chairman of the Afghan Interim Administration (2001–2002)
- President –
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
- Bahrain
- Monarch – Sheikh Emir of Bahrain(1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020) [b]
- Monarch – Sheikh
- Bangladesh
- President –
- Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, President of Bangladesh (2001–2002)
- Prime Minister –
- Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Latifur Rahman, Chief Adviser of Bangladesh (2001)
- Khaleda Zia, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (2001–2006)
- President –
- Bhutan
- Monarch – King of Bhutan(1972–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Bhutan(2000–2001)
- Prime Minister of Bhutan(2001–2002)
- Monarch –
- Brunei
- Monarch – Sultan of Brunei (1967–present) [c]
- Prime Minister – Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Monarch –
- Cambodia
- Monarch – King of Cambodia(1993–2004)
- Prime Minister – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–2023) [d]
- Monarch –
- China (People's Republic of China)
- Communist Party Leader – Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (1989–2002)
- President – Jiang Zemin, President of China (1993–2003)
- Premier – Zhu Rongji, Premier of the State Council of China (1998–2003)
- East Timor (under UN administration)
- UN Special Representative – Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for East Timor (1999–2002)
- Chief Minister – Chief Minister of East Timor(2001–2006)
- India
- President – K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister – Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister of India (1998–2004)
- Indonesia
- President –
- Abdurrahman Wahid, President of Indonesia (1999–2001)
- Megawati Sukarnoputri, President of Indonesia (2001–2004)
- President –
- Iran
- Supreme Leader – Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President – Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
- Iraq
- President – Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister – Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
- Israel
- President – Moshe Katsav, President of Israel (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister –
- Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel (1999–2001)
- Ariel Sharon, Prime Minister of Israel (2001–2006)
- Palestinian National Authority (non-state administrative authority)
- President – Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian National Authority (1994–2004)
- Japan
- Monarch – Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
- Prime Minister –
- Yoshirō Mori, Prime Minister of Japan (2000–2001)
- Junichirō Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan(2001–2006)
- Jordan
- Monarch – King of Jordan(1999–present)
- Prime Minister – Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan(2000–2003)
- Monarch –
- Kazakhstan
- President – Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019) [e]
- Prime Minister – Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1999–2002)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader – Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea(1997–2011)
- De facto Head of State – Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea(1993–2011)
- De jure Head of State – Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea(1998–2019)
- Premier – Hong Song-nam, Premier of the Cabinet of North Korea (1997–2003)
- Communist Party Leader –
- South Korea (Republic of Korea)
- President – Kim Dae-jung, President of South Korea (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister – Lee Han-dong, Prime Minister of South Korea (2000–2002)
- Kuwait
- Monarch – Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Prime Minister of Kuwait(1978–2003)
- Kyrgyzstan
- President – Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005) [f]
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan(2000–2002)
- Laos
- Communist Party Leader – Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party(1992–2006)
- President – Khamtai Siphandon, President of Laos(1998–2006)
- Premier –
- Sisavath Keobounphanh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1998–2001)
- Bounnhang Vorachith, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos(2001–2006)
- Communist Party Leader –
- Lebanon
- President – Émile Lahoud, President of Lebanon (1998–2007)
- Prime Minister – Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (2000–2004)
- Malaysia
- Monarch –
- Tuanku Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia(1999–2001)
- Tuanku Acting Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia(2001)
- Tuanku Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia(2001–2006)
- Tuanku
- Prime Minister – Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Monarch –
- Maldives
- President – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- President – Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Prime Minister – Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime Minister of Mongolia (2000–2004)
- Myanmar
- Head of State – Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar(1992–2011)
- Prime Minister – Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
- Head of State –
- Nepal
- Monarch –
- Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Dipendra, King of Nepal (2001)
- Gyanendra, King of Nepal (2001–2008)
- Regent – Regent of Nepal(2001)
- Prime Minister –
- Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal (2000–2001)
- Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (2001–2002)
- Monarch –
- Oman
- Monarch – Sultan of Oman(1970–2020)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Oman(1972–2020)
- Monarch –
- Pakistan
- President –
- Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President of Pakistan (1998–2001)
- Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan (2001–2008)
- Prime Minister – Chief Executive of Pakistan(1999–2002)
- President –
- Philippines
- President –
- Joseph Estrada, President of the Philippines (1998–2001)
- Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President of the Philippines (2001–2010)
- President –
- Qatar
- Monarch – Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Prime Minister of Qatar(1996–2007)
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch – Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Regent – Crown Prince Regent of Saudi Arabia(1996–2005)
- Prime Minister – Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Singapore
- President – S. R. Nathan, President of Singapore (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
- Sri Lanka
- President – Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2000–2001)
- Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (2001–2004)
- Syria
- President – Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime Minister of Syria (2000–2003)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President – Chen Shui-bian, President of Taiwan (2000–2008)
- Prime Minister – Chang Chun-hsiung, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (2000–2002)
- Tajikistan
- President – Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister – Oqil Oqilov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1999–2013)
- Thailand
- Monarch – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister –
- Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
- Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand (2001–2006)
- Turkey
- President – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President of Turkey (2000–2007)
- Prime Minister – Bülent Ecevit, Prime Minister of Turkey (1999–2002)
- Turkmenistan
- President – Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006) [g]
- United Arab Emirates
- President – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1976–2004)
- Prime Minister – Sheikh Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates(1990–2006)
- Uzbekistan
- President – Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016) [h]
- Prime Minister – Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan(1995–2003)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader –
- President – Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister – Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Yemen
- President – Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012) [i]
- Prime Minister –
- Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime Minister of Yemen(1998–2001)
- Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime Minister of Yemen (2001–2007)
Europe
- Albania
- President – Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister – Ilir Meta, Prime Minister of Albania (1999–2002)
- Andorra
- Monarchs –
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Frédéric de Saint-Sernin (1999–2002)
- Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative – Nemesi Marqués Oste(1993–2012)
- Co-Prince's Representative –
- French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Head of Government of Andorra(1994–2005)
- Monarchs –
- Armenia
- President – Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
- Prime Minister – Andranik Margaryan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2000–2007)
- Austria
- President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor – Wolfgang Schüssel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2000–2007)
- Azerbaijan
- President – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
- unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – President of Nagorno-Karabakh(1997–2007)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh(1999–2007)
- President –
- Belarus
- President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Vladimir Yermoshin, Prime Minister of Belarus (2000–2001)
- Gennady Novitsky, Prime Minister of Belarus (2001–2003)
- Belgium
- Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister – Guy Verhofstadt, Prime Minister of Belgium (1999–2008)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serb Member – Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2000–2001)
- Bosniak Member –
- Halid Genjac (2000–2001)
- Beriz Belkić (2001–2002)
- Croat Member –
- Ante Jelavić (1998–2001)
- Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2001–2002)
- Serb Member –
- Prime Minister –
- High Representative – Wolfgang Petritsch, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1999–2002)
- Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- President – Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister –
- Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
- Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2001–2005)
- Croatia
- President – Stjepan Mesić, President of Croatia (2000–2010)
- Prime Minister – Ivica Račan, Prime Minister of Croatia (2000–2003)
- Cyprus
- President – Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
- unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1976–2005)
- Prime Minister – Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
- Czech Republic
- President – Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister – Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
- Denmark
- Monarch – Queen of Denmark(1972–2024)
- Prime Minister –
- Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
- Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2001–2009)
- Monarch –
- Estonia
- President –
- Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
- Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1999–2002)
- President –
- Finland
- President – Tarja Halonen, President of Finland (2000–2012)
- Prime Minister – Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland (1995–2003)
- France
- President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister – Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
- Georgia
- President – Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1995–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Minister of State of Georgia(2000–2001)
- Minister of State of Georgia(2001–2003)
- unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005) [j]
- Prime Minister –
- Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1999–2001)
- Anri Jergenia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2001–2002)
- unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President –
- Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001)
- Eduard Kokoity, President of South Ossetia (2001–2011)
- Prime Minister –
- Merab Chigoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1998–2001)
- Dmitry Sanakoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2001)
- Gerasim Khugayev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2001–2003)
- President –
- Germany
- President – Johannes Rau, Federal President of Germany (1999–2004)
- Chancellor – Federal Chancellor of Germany(1998–2005)
- Greece
- President – Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister – Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
- Hungary
- President – Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary (2000–2005)
- Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
- Iceland
- President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
- Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
- Ireland
- President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
- Italy
- President – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of Italy (1999–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Latvia
- President – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia (1999–2007)
- Prime Minister – Andris Bērziņš, Prime Minister of Latvia (2000–2002)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch – Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein(1989–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Head of Government of Liechtenstein(1993–2001)
- Head of Government of Liechtenstein(2001–2009)
- Monarch –
- Lithuania
- President – Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Rolandas Paksas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2000–2001)
- Eugenijus Gentvilas, Acting Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001)
- Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2001–2006)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Luxembourg(1995–2013)
- Macedonia
- President – President of Macedonia(1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – President of the Government of Macedonia(1998–2002)
- President –
- Malta
- President – Guido de Marco, President of Malta (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
- Moldova
- President –
- Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1997–2001)
- Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova (2001–2009)
- Prime Minister –
- Dumitru Braghiș, Prime Minister of Moldova (1999–2001)
- Vasile Tarlev, Prime Minister of Moldova (2001–2008)
- unrecognised, secessionist state)
- President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011) [k]
- President –
- Monaco
- Monarch – Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Prime Minister – Patrick Leclercq, Minister of State of Monaco (2000–2005)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Prime Minister – Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
- constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- see § North America
- constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- see § North America
- Norway
- Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway(1991–present)
- Prime Minister –
- Jens Stoltenberg, Prime Minister of Norway (2000–2001)
- Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (2001–2005)
- Monarch –
- Poland
- President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Jerzy Buzek, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
- Leszek Miller, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2001–2004)
- Portugal
- President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister – António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
- Romania
- President – Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (2000–2004)
- Prime Minister – Adrian Năstase, Prime Minister of Romania (2000–2004)
- Russia
- President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (1999–2008)
- Prime Minister – Mikhail Kasyanov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2000–2004)
- San Marino
- Captains-Regent –
- Gianfranco Terenzi and Enzo Colombini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2000–2001)
- Luigi Lonfernini and Fabio Berardi, Captains Regent of San Marino (2001)
- Alberto Cecchetti and Gino Giovagnoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (2001–2002)
- Captains-Regent –
- Slovakia
- President – Rudolf Schuster, President of Slovakia (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister – Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
- Slovenia
- President – Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002) [l]
- Prime Minister – Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2000–2002)
- Spain
- Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain(1975–2014)
- Prime Minister – José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
- Monarch –
- Sweden
- Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden(1973–present)
- Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
- Monarch –
- Switzerland
- Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [m]
- Members – Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010; President of Switzerland, 2001), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009), Ruth Metzler (1999–2003), Joseph Deiss (1999–2006), and Samuel Schmid (2000–2008)
- Council –
- Ukraine
- President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister –
- Viktor Yushchenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1999–2001)
- Anatoliy Kinakh, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2001–2002)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–2022)
- Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
- Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man(2000–2005)
- Chief Minister –
- Chief Minister of the Isle of Man(1996–2001)
- Chief Minister of the Isle of Man(2001–2004)
- Lieutenant-Governor –
- Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Foley, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (2000–2005)
- Bailiff – de Vic Carey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1999–2005)
- Crown dependency of the United Kingdom)
- Lieutenant-Governor –
- Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
- Sir John Cheshire, Lieutenant Governor of Jersey (2001–2006)
- Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
- Lieutenant-Governor –
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – David Durie, Governor of Gibraltar (2000–2003)
- Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
- Vatican City
- Monarch – Sovereign of Vatican City(1978–2005)
- Head of Government – Cardinal President of the Governorate of Vatican City(1997–2006)
- public international law)
- Secretary of State – Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
- Monarch –
- Yugoslavia
- President – Vojislav Koštunica, President of Yugoslavia (2000–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Zoran Žižić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (2000–2001)
- Dragiša Pešić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (2001–2003)
- Kosovo (Self-Governing Entity under UN administration)
- UN Special Representative –
North America
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Peter Johnstone, Governor of Anguilla(2000–2004)
- Chief Minister – Chief Minister of Anguilla(2000–2010)
- Governor –
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister – Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
- constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1994–2001)
- Nelson Oduber, Prime Minister of Aruba (2001–2009)
- The Bahamas
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
- Dame Ivy Dumont, Governor-General of the Bahamas (2001–2005)
- Prime Minister – Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
- Barbados
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–2021)
- Governor-General – Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister – Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
- Belize
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–2021)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Belize(1998–2008)
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda (1997–2001)
- Tim Gurney, Acting Governor of Bermuda (2001–2002)
- Premier – Premier of Bermuda(1998–2003)
- Governor –
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Frank Savage, Governor of the British Virgin Islands(1998–2002)
- Chief Minister – Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands(1995–2003)
- Governor –
- Canada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–2022)
- Governor-General – Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada (1999–2005)
- Prime Minister – Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Peter Smith, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1999–2002)
- Head of Government –
- Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands(2000–2001)
- Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands(2001–2005)
- Costa Rica
- President – Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, President of Costa Rica (1998–2002)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader – Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Prime Minister – Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica
- President – President of Dominica(1998–2003)
- Prime Minister – Pierre Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (2000–2004)
- President –
- Dominican Republic
- President – Hipólito Mejía, President of the Dominican Republic (2000–2004)
- El Salvador
- President – Francisco Flores Pérez, President of El Salvador (1999–2004)
- Grenada
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Grenada(1995–2008)
- Guatemala
- President – Alfonso Portillo, President of Guatemala (2000–2004)
- Haiti
- President –
- René Préval, President of Haiti (1996–2001)
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President of Haiti (2001–2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime Minister of Haiti (1999–2001)
- Jean Marie Chérestal, Prime Minister of Haiti (2001–2002)
- President –
- Honduras
- President – Carlos Roberto Flores, President of Honduras (1998–2002)
- Jamaica
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister – P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
- Mexico
- President – Vicente Fox, President of Mexico (2000–2006)
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- Tony Abbott, Governor of Montserrat(1997–2001)
- Howard Fergus, Acting Governor of Montserrat (2001)
- Tony Longrigg, Governor of Montserrat (2001–2004)
- Chief Minister –
- Chief Minister of Montserrat(1997–2001)
- Chief Minister of Montserrat(2001–2006)
- Governor –
- constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor – Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990–2002)
- Prime Minister – Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles(1999–2002)
- Nicaragua
- President – Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
- Panama
- President – President of Panama(1999–2004)
- President –
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis(1995–2015)
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–2022)
- Governor-General – Dame Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
- Prime Minister – Prime Minister of Saint Lucia(1997–2006)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (departmental collectivity of France)
- redesignated from a territorial collectivity of the French Republic on 11 July
- Prefect –
- Francis Spitzer, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1999–2001)
- Jean-François Tallec, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2001–2002)
- Head of Government – President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon(2000–2005)
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines(2000–2001)
- Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines(2001–present)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- President – A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago(1995–2001)
- Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago(2001–2010)
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Mervyn Jones, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (2000–2002)
- Chief Minister – Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands(1995–2003)
- United States
- President –
- Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)
- George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor –
- Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1993–2001)
- Sila María Calderón, Governor of Puerto Rico (2001–2005)
- Governor –
- United States Virgin Islands (insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Governor of the United States Virgin Islands(1999–2007)
- Governor –
- President –
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganised, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor – Governor of American Samoa(1997–2003)
- Governor –
- Australia
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
- Peter Hollingworth, Governor-General of Australia (2001–2003)
- Prime Minister – John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Administrator of Christmas Island(1999–2003)
- Shire-President –
- Shire president of Christmas Island(1998–2001)
- Shire president of Christmas Island(2001–2003)
- Administrator –
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Administrator of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands(1999–2003)
- Shire-President –
- Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands(1999–2001)
- Shire president of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands(2001–2007)
- Administrator –
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator – Administrator of Norfolk Island(1997–2003)
- Chief Minister –
- Chief Minister of Norfolk Island(2000–2001)
- Chief Minister of Norfolk Island(2001–2006)
- Administrator –
- Fiji
- President – Ratu Josefa Iloilo, President of Fiji (2000–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2000–2001)
- Ratu Tevita Momoedonu, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001)
- Laisenia Qarase, Prime Minister of Fiji (2001–2006)
- French Polynesia (overseas territory of France)
- High Commissioner –
- High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia(1997–2001)
- Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia(2001)
- High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia(2001–2005)
- Head of Government – President of the Government of French Polynesia(1991–2004)
- High Commissioner –
- Guam (insular area of the United States)
- Governor – Governor of Guam(1995–2003)
- Governor –
- Kiribati
- President – Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
- Marshall Islands
- President – President of the Marshall Islands(2000–2008)
- President –
- Micronesia
- President – President of Micronesia(1999–2003)
- President –
- Nauru
- President –
- Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (2000–2001)
- René Harris, President of Nauru (2001–2003)
- President –
- sui generis collectivity of France)
- High Commissioner – High Commissioner of New Caledonia(1999–2002)
- Head of Government –
- Jean Lèques, President of the Government of New Caledonia (1999–2001)
- Pierre Frogier, President of the Government of New Caledonia (2001–2004)
- High Commissioner –
- New Zealand
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–2022)
- Governor-General –
- Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
- Dame Administrator of the Government of New Zealand(2001)
- Dame Silvia Cartwright, Governor-General of New Zealand (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister – Helen Clark, Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999–2008)
- Cook Islands (associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative –
- Acting Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands(2000–2001)
- Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands(2001–2013)
- Prime Minister – Terepai Maoate, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1999–2002)
- Queen's Representative –
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier – Sani Lakatani, Premier of Niue (1999–2002)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator – Lindsay Johnstone Watt, Administrator of Tokelau(1993–2003)
- Head of Government –
- Head of Government of Tokelau(2000–2001)
- Head of Government of Tokelau(2001–2002)
- Administrator –
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor – Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands(1998–2002)
- Governor –
- Palau
- President –
- Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993–2001) [n]
- Tommy Remengesau, President of Palau(2001–2009)
- President –
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister – Sir Mekere Morauta, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1999–2002)
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor –
- Martin Williams, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1998–2001)
- Richard Fell, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (2001–2006)
- Mayor – Mayor of the Pitcairn Islands(1999–2004)
- Governor –
- Samoa
- Head of State – Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister – Tuila'epa Sa'ilele Malielegaoi, Prime Minister of Samoa(1998–2021)
- Solomon Islands
- Monarch – Queen of the Solomon Islands(1978–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Governor-General of the Solomon Islands(1999–2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands(2000–2001)
- Sir Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands(2001–2006)
- Monarch –
- Tonga
- Monarch – King of Tonga (1965–2006) [o]
- Prime Minister – Prince Lavaka Ata ʻUlukālala, Prime Minister of Tonga (2000–2006)
- Monarch –
- Tuvalu
- Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–2022)
- Governor-General – Sir Tomasi Puapua, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1998–2003)
- Prime Minister –
- Lagitupu Tuilimu, Acting Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2000–2001)
- Faimalaga Luka, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2001)
- Koloa Talake, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (2001–2002)
- Vanuatu
- President – John Bani, President of Vanuatu (1999–2004)
- Prime Minister –
- Barak Sopé, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (1999–2001)
- Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (2001–2004)
- Wallis and Futuna (overseas territory of France)
- Administrator – Alain Waquet, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (2000–2002)
- Head of Government –
- President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna(1999–2001)
- President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna(2001–2005)
South America
- Argentina
- President –
- Fernando de la Rúa, President of Argentina (1999–2001)
- Ramón Puerta, Acting President of Argentina (2001)
- Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, President of Argentina (2001)
- Eduardo Camaño, Acting President of Argentina (2001–2002)
- President –
- Bolivia
- President –
- Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997–2001)
- Jorge Quiroga, President of Bolivia (2001–2002)
- President –
- Brazil
- President – Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995–2002)
- Chile
- President – Ricardo Lagos, President of Chile (2000–2006)
- Colombia
- President – Andrés Pastrana Arango, President of Colombia (1998–2002)
- Ecuador
- President – Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (2000–2003)
- Dependent Territory of the United Kingdom)
- Governor – Donald Lamont, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1999–2002)
- Guyana
- President – Bharrat Jagdeo, President of Guyana (1999–2011)
- Prime Minister – Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1999–2015)
- Paraguay
- President – Luis Ángel González Macchi, President of Paraguay(1999–2003)
- President –
- Peru
- President –
- Valentín Paniagua, President of Peru (2000–2001)
- Alejandro Toledo, President of Peru (2001–2006)
- Prime Minister –
- President –
- Suriname
- President – Ronald Venetiaan, President of Suriname (2000–2010)
- Uruguay
- President – Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, President of Uruguay(2000–2005)
- President –
- Venezuela
- President – Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (1999–2002)
Notes
- ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister in 1993–98.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- president of North Yemenuntil 1990.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence in 1992.
- ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is head of state and government collectively. As a party to the Council, the president serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Palau only became independent in 1994.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.
External links
- Rulers—a list of rulers throughout time and places
- WorldStatesmen—an online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories