Colonial empire

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Colonial powers in 1898[a]

A colonial empire is a collective of territories (often called colonies), either contiguous with the imperial center or located overseas, settled by the population of a certain state and governed by that state.

Before the expansion of early modern European powers, other empires had conquered and colonized territories, such as the Roman Empire in Iberia, or the Chinese in what is now South China. Modern colonial empires first emerged with a race of exploration between the then most advanced European maritime powers, Portugal and Spain, during the 15th century.[1] The initial impulse behind these dispersed maritime empires and those that followed was trade, driven by the new ideas and the capitalism that grew out of the European Renaissance. Agreements were also made to divide the world up between them in 1479, 1493, and 1494. European imperialism was born out of competition between European Christians and Ottoman Muslims, the latter of which rose up quickly in the 14th century and forced the Spanish and Portuguese to seek new trade routes to India, and to a lesser extent, China.

Although

Ptolemaic Empire, the Seleucid Empire, and the Roman Empire
.

The

European countries
which had the most colonies throughout history were: United Kingdom (130), France (90), Portugal (52), Spain (44), Netherlands (29), Germany (20), Russia (17), Denmark (9), Sweden (8), Italy (7), Norway (6) and Belgium (3). [3]

History

European colonial empires

Portugal began establishing the first global trade network and one of the first colonial

Moluccas, Portuguese Timor; and the granted entrepôt-base of Macau and the entrepôt-enclave of Dejima (Nagasaki) in East Asia
, amongst other smaller or short-lived possessions.

The territorial evolution of modern colonial empires and some of their successor states (such as USSR, Turkey)

During its

Habsburg monarchs
during the period of the Iberian Union, but beneath the highest level of government, their separate administrations were maintained.

Subsequent colonial empires included the

Japanese empires. By the mid-17th century, the Tsardom of Russia, continued later as the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and modern Russia
, became the largest contiguous state in the world and remains so to this day.

Throughout the 19th and early 20th century, by virtue of its technological and maritime supremacy, the British Empire steadily expanded to become by far the largest empire in history; at its height ruling over a quarter of the Earth's land area and 24% of the population. Britain's role as a global hegemon during this time ushered in a century of "British Peace", lasting from the end of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars to the start of World War I. During the New Imperialism, Italy and Germany also built their colonial empires in Africa.

Timeline

The chart below[original research?] shows the span of some European colonial empires.

  • Black lines mark the year of the empires largest territorial extent of land area.
  • Red represents that the empire is at that time a monarchy.
  • Blue represents that the empire is at that time a republic.

List of colonial empires

Further information: United Nations list of non-self-governing territories and Dependent territory
Diachronic map of the main empires of the modern era (1492–1945)

European:

Main articles: Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire and Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire


Asian:

  • List of territories occupied by Imperial Japan


Other countries with informal colonial possessions:

See also

Notes and references

  1. ^
      Great Britain
      France
      Spain
      Portugal
      Netherlands
      Germany
      Ottoman Empire
      Belgium
      Austria-Hungary
      Russia
      Japan
      Denmark
      Sweden-Norway
      USA
      Italy
      Independent / Other countries
  1. ^ Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "kolonie [geschiedenis]. §1.2 De moderne koloniale expansie". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
  2. ^ Encarta, s.v. "kolonie [geschiedenis]. §1.1 Oudheid.
  3. ^ "A map of Europe based on how many colonies each country had". 2023-09-26. Retrieved 2023-09-26.
  4. ISBN 9781107109711. Archived from the original on August 10, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help
    )
  5. ISBN 9788440488855
    . OCLC 55157841
  6. Viceroyalty of New Spain
    before 1821.
  7. ^ Part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata before 1810.
  8. Duchy of Parma and especially the Kingdom of Naples, where the spanish House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and House of Bourbon-Parma
    ruled until 1860.
  9. ^ Gregory Smits (1999). Visions of Ryukyu: Early-Modern Thought and Politics. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 143–149·
  10. ^ Maryland State Colonization Society
  11. ^ a b Part of the Holy Roman Empire realm before 1804.
  12. ^ "Ahol majdnem magyar gyarmatok lettek". 3 November 2014. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  13. ^ "The Hungarian who wanted to colonise Somalia probably with the help of Budapest". 28 June 2019. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  14. ^ part of the Holy Roman Empire before 1736
  15. ^ The dependencies of Norway are uninhabited, thus as end date is taken the latest date of full Norwegian sovereignty extension to such territory, instead of the date of decolonization or integration in the administrative structures of the mainland. Bouvet Island claimed in 1927, under Norway sovereignty since 1930.
    Peter I Island claimed in 1929, under Norway sovereignty since 1933.
    Queen Maud Land claimed in 1938, under Norway sovereignty since 1957.
    Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land fall under the scope of the Antarctic Treaty System since 1961.

External links

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