Eomesodermin
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 3: 27.72 – 27.72 Mb | Chr 9: 118.31 – 118.32 Mb | |||||||
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Eomesodermin also known as T-box brain protein 2 (Tbr2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EOMES gene.[5]
The Eomesodermin/Tbr2 gene, EOMES, encodes a member of a
Nervous system development
Neurogenesis
Eomesodermin/Tbr2 is expressed highly in the intermediate progenitor stage of the developing
Tbr2 has been observed in a transcription factor cascade to enable to development of glutamatergic neurons. Pax6, as expressed by radial glia cells, activates the transcription of Neurogenin-2 which then activates the generation of intermediate progenitor cells (IPC) expressing Tbr2. These cells are localized within the subventricular zone. The IPCs then undergo symmetric division to produce NeuroD expressing cells that can differentiate in TBR1 neurons. Similar mechanisms have been observed in both embryonic and adult neurogenesis. [10]
Tbr2 inactivation has also been tied to deficiencies in cortical neurogenesis further suggesting the importance of the cascade in activating and maintaining neuron production.
Role in adult development
There are locations within the brain that have been discovered to perform neurogenesis into adulthood,[7] [8] including the ventricular zone.[13] The hippocampus, which is involved in memory formation, shows decreased neurogenesis when Eomesodermin/Tbr2 is removed.[14] It was also found that Eomesodermin/Tbr2 functions by reducing amounts of Sox2, which is associated with radial glia.[14] Another study found that mice without Eomesodermin/Tbr2 lacked long term memory formation, which may relate to Eomesodermin/Tbr2's effects on the hippocampus.[15]
Cardiac development
Early in development, Eomesodermin/Tbr2 controls early differentiation of the
Immune response
Eomesodermin/Tbr2 is highly expressed in
See also
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163508 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000032446 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: Eomesodermin". Retrieved 2011-11-01.
- ^ PMID 18794345.
- ^ PMID 20713880.
- ^ PMID 15634788.
- S2CID 11713373.
- PMID 18385329.
- PMID 19168665.
- ^ PMID 18940588.
- PMID 21609825.
- ^ PMID 22553033.
- PMID 24860576.
- ^ PMID 21822279.
Further reading
- Kimura N, Nakashima K, Ueno M, Kiyama H, Taga T (Jun 1999). "A novel mammalian T-box-containing gene, Tbr2, expressed in mouse developing brain". Brain Research. Developmental Brain Research. 115 (2): 183–93. PMID 10407135.
- Intlekofer AM, Takemoto N, Wherry EJ, Longworth SA, Northrup JT, Palanivel VR, Mullen AC, Gasink CR, Kaech SM, Miller JD, Gapin L, Ryan K, Russ AP, Lindsten T, Orange JS, Goldrath AW, Ahmed R, Reiner SL (Dec 2005). "Effector and memory CD8+ T cell fate coupled by T-bet and eomesodermin". Nature Immunology. 6 (12): 1236–44. S2CID 10917617.
- Baala L, Briault S, Etchevers HC, Laumonnier F, Natiq A, Amiel J, Boddaert N, Picard C, Sbiti A, Asermouh A, Attié-Bitach T, Encha-Razavi F, Munnich A, Sefiani A, Lyonnet S (Apr 2007). "Homozygous silencing of T-box transcription factor EOMES leads to microcephaly with polymicrogyria and corpus callosum agenesis". Nature Genetics. 39 (4): 454–6. S2CID 9421118.
- Atreya I, Schimanski CC, Becker C, Wirtz S, Dornhoff H, Schnürer E, Berger MR, Galle PR, Herr W, Neurath MF (Nov 2007). "The T-box transcription factor eomesodermin controls CD8 T cell activity and lymph node metastasis in human colorectal cancer". Gut. 56 (11): 1572–8. PMID 17566017.
- Araki Y, Fann M, Wersto R, Weng NP (Jun 2008). "Histone acetylation facilitates rapid and robust memory CD8 T cell response through differential expression of effector molecules (eomesodermin and its targets: perforin and granzyme B)". Journal of Immunology. 180 (12): 8102–8. PMID 18523274.
- Sessa A, Mao CA, Hadjantonakis AK, Klein WH, Broccoli V (Oct 2008). "Tbr2 directs conversion of radial glia into basal precursors and guides neuronal amplification by indirect neurogenesis in the developing neocortex". Neuron. 60 (1): 56–69. PMID 18940588.
- D'Cruz LM, Rubinstein MP, Goldrath AW (Apr 2009). "Surviving the crash: transitioning from effector to memory CD8+ T cell". Seminars in Immunology. 21 (2): 92–8. PMID 19269192.
- Wang HT, Ge XS, Xue ZP, Li BQ (Jan 2010). "[Role of transcription factor T-bet and Eomes in IFN-gamma secretion of different human T cell subsets]". Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 26 (1): 31–4. PMID 20056084.
- Narayanan S, Silva R, Peruzzi G, Alvarez Y, Simhadri VR, Debell K, Coligan JE, Borrego F (2010). Unutmaz D (ed.). "Human Th1 cells that express CD300a are polyfunctional and after stimulation up-regulate the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin". PLOS ONE. 5 (5): e10636. PMID 20498708.
- Kinjyo I, Gordon SM, Intlekofer AM, Dowdell K, Mooney EC, Caricchio R, Grupp SA, Teachey DT, Rao VK, Lindsten T, Reiner SL (Dec 2010). "Cutting edge: Lymphoproliferation caused by Fas deficiency is dependent on the transcription factor eomesodermin". Journal of Immunology. 185 (12): 7151–5. PMID 21076068.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.